The Patient Affordable Care Act - 1100 Words

The Patient Affordable Care Act also known as the Obamacare was created on March 23, 2012. The Affordable Care Act is a health care law that aims to ensure that all Americans have access to quality, affordable healthcare by increasing access to health coverage for Americans and introducing new protections for people who already have health insurance this law will hopefully create the transformation within the health care system necessary to contain cost. The ACA law puts in place comprehensive health insurance reforms that will roll out over four years and beyond, with most changes taking place by 2014. The Affordable care act has nine titles which help in addressing the reform quality, affordable health care for all Americans, the role†¦show more content†¦I believe this area of the ACA law will be successful. Already reports convey that 40,000 Americans with pre existing medical conditions gained affordable coverage through the federally administered Pre-Existing Conditi on Insurance plan. Not allowing Insurance companies to raise premiums on individuals with these pre existing conditions will allow many American to purchase health insurance within their means. I believe that this portion of the Affordable care act will improve a person’s quality of life because they will have access to hospitals, doctors, prescriptions drugs, and variety of treatment in order to maintain comfort ability depending on the severity of their pre existing condition such as cancer, diabetes or arthritis. Moreover, another area I chose to elaborate from the Affordable Care is helping young adults by requiring insurers to allow all dependents to remain on their parents plan until the age of 26. This regulation applies to all plans in the person market, all new employer plans, and existing employer plans if the young adult is not eligible for employer coverage on his or her own. This portion of the Affordable Care Act will begin in 2014; children up to age 26 will be able to remain on their parent’s employer plan even if they have an offer of coverage through their own employer. Before this health care reform, insurance companies could remove enrolled children usually at age 19, sometimes older ifShow MoreRelatedThe Affordable Patient Care Act1033 Words   |  5 Pages The Affordable Patient Care Act Sheila Elyse Brooks Stanbridge College August 21, 2014 Introduction President Obama established the Affordable Care Act (PPACA) in 2010. It was intended to provide Americans with better healthcare security by putting in place comprehensiveRead MoreAffordable Care Act-. Patient Protection And Affordable1166 Words   |  5 PagesAffordable care act- Patient protection and affordable care act or simply affordable care act or Obama care act was signed by President Barak Obama and enacted in 111th United States congress on March 23, 2010. Key concepts of Obama care act- Obama care mainly aims to improve percentage of insurance coverage by various ways like increasing insurance quality and availability, make insurance plans to much more affordable, and reduce the cost of health care. To ensure improvement of insurance act introduceRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act1272 Words   |  6 PagesThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act In this paper I plan to discuss an increasingly difficult topic of The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. I will go over the basics of the act including who founded it, when, what it states as well as what its purpose is. I will also discuss the nine titles of the Affordable Care Act. I will then go over how four of the nine titles have affected how nurses provide care. I will finalize my paper by reflecting upon what I have learned from theRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act1057 Words   |  5 PagesMaureen Omondi Patrick Gilbert Govt 2305 5 February 2015 The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act The Patient Protection and Affordable care Act also known as Affordable Care Act, Obama Care and ACA is an act signed into law by the current president of the United States, Barack Obama in March 23, 2010. Beginning in 2014, any failure to purchase minimum coverage will result in a person being fined. Also included in the Act are individual mandate requirements, expanding public programs, healthRead MorePatient Protection with the Affordable Care Act1516 Words   |  6 PagesThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) commonly called the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or ObamaCare is a federal statute of the United States signed by President Barack Obama on March 23rd, 2010. As the name suggests, the new health care law is made up of the Affordable Health care for America Act and the Patient Protection Act. It also includes amendment to other laws like Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. The main purpose of this complex legislation is to provide Americans with affordableRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is a highly controversial act of the United States government commonly referred to as ObamaCare. Designed to â€Å"ensure that all Americans have access to quality, affordable health care,† (Patient Protection) this bill has received a large amount of opposition for a variety of reasons, but it is also widely supported, therefore garnering it attention from interest groups. Many interest groups, including religious organizations, attempt to change laws andRead MorePatient Protection And Affordable Care Act1259 Words   |  6 Pages Maxcine Bakhshizad Mr. Todd Mod â€Å"H† Patient Protection Affordable Care Act Everest University What Is Affordable and What Isn’t? The healthcare industry in America has definitely changed over the last few decades. Our federal government has tried to mold and shape our country into a place where healthcare can be affordable for all families, not just the wealthy and those below the poverty line. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was created to bring about changes andRead MorePatient Protection And Affordable Care Act1104 Words   |  5 PagesPatient Protection and Affordable Care Act Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) What the Act Offers The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act offers many healthcare benefits to a diverse group of American citizens. However, there are a few downsides as well. The major portions of the act deal with four primary issues: 1. Increasing the health care coverage of patients with pre-existing conditions 2. Expanding access to health care insurance to over 30 million uninsured AmericansRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act858 Words   |  4 PagesComprehensive Health Reform: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care act Ken Davis February 13, 2016 PADM 550 –BO2- LUO Dr. Tory Weaver Defining the Problem The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (PPACA)is a highly complex and multifaceted policy in addition to being political controversial. Changes made to the law by subsequent legislation, focuses on provisions to expand coverage, control health care costs, and improve health care delivery system. Some changes requireRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act Essay1418 Words   |  6 PagesUnderserved Communities: PPACA Tashia Lee Health/Public Policy (HLTH225-1604A-01) Abstract The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was designed to expand insurance coverage for all of those that are uninsured. Also the Act was put into place to reduce the cost of health care. The morbidity and mortality rates in the United States have decreased since the Act was in place in 2010. The Act is also helping the goals of Healthy People 2020 that was implemented, but there is still more improvements

The Fall of Communism in Russia Essay - 1697 Words

Communism: A scheme of equalizing the social conditions of life; specifically, a scheme which contemplates the abolition of inequalities in the possession of property, as by distributing all wealth equally to all, or by holding all wealth in common for the equal use and advantage of all. (K. Marx) What Karl Marx had set out in his Communist Manifesto as guide lines for the governing of a state was proved to work to the contrary of its good intentions when applied in Russia. During 1989 the world looked on with amusement as the communist government in the U.S.S.R collapsed and was replaced with a government committed to democracy and the free market. The ethics of brother hood, equality, the†¦show more content†¦But as time progressed and leaders turned dictators, turned tyrants, and established absolute power over the state. Too much power was transferred to the hands of one man and corruption ensuing came into play. The political policies of the USSR did not live up to their Marxist Leninist ideals; separating state and society into un-equal classes; in turn causing resentment amongst the society and deterring the majorities support for a communist way of life. Russias first leader, Lenin kept Marxist Communism as a basis of government but interpreted the theology on his own terms (Marxist, Leninist Communism). Lenin himself was not a worker fighting for the workers plight, he was an elite who took office and promised his people the elimination of classes, guaranteed employment, the creation of a comprehensive social security and welfare system for all citizens that would end the misery of workers once and for all (D. B. Wolf, 56). But in order to achieve a truly Communist state, Lenin ordered the suppression of any dissent or opposition(D. B. Wolf, 57). Lenin managed to gain control over all aspects of influence in the society; censorship and the subordination of interest groups such as trade unions, newspapers, and influential writers was imposed to stop dissention and increase conformity to the new governmentShow MoreRelatedThe Fall of Communism in Russia/Soviet Union Essay1460 Words   |  6 PagesCommunism in the USSR was doomed fr om the onset. Communism was condemned due to lack of support from other nations, condemned due to corruption within its leadership, condemned due to the moral weakness of humanity, making what is perfect on paper, ineffective in the real world. The end of this system was very violent. It left one of the two most powerful nations in the world fearful of what was to come. brbrCommunism can either be called a concept or system of society. In a society that followsRead More Economic Reform in Russia Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesEconomic Reform in Russia Formerly the preeminent republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Russia has been an independent nation since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Because of its great size, its natural resources, and its political domination, the Russian Federation played a leading role in the economy of the Soviet Union. In the years preceding the disintegration of the union in 1991, the economy of Russia and the union as a whole was in decline. In 1992, immediatelyRead MoreThe Communist System696 Words   |  3 Pages Before getting deep into the topic of communism, it helps to know what communism is. The system has six defining characteristics: a monopoly of power, rigid discipline and strict hierarchy, it contains a centralized command economy (which fixed prices on everything produced), the state owns production, also the citizen’s sense of belonging to communism, and finally, the desire of the citizen to further the communist cause. (Brown, 2) The communist system also demands total submission toRead More The Importance of Trotsky, Lenin and Stalin to the Communist Dictatorship in Russia1300 Words   |  6 Pagesbringing the Communist Dictatorship in Russia from 1917 - 1939. All three of them wouldnt be able to make progresses without each other. The basement or a trigger to communism in Russia was Lenin as he was the organizer. He has been studying Marxism and Socialism for many years and in the result he has brought the October Revolution in 1917 to Russia. In addition Lenin has written many books in order to spread the idea of communism. As he was the organizer of this revolutionRead MoreThe World Of A Totalitarian Communist Post War World1352 Words   |  6 Pagesdystopian world razed by the chaos of the war. In the aftermath, the only two countries in the world left standing that were still considered superpowers were Soviet Russia and the United States. Tension between the two countries was thick. The US saw Russia as the main obstacle in the way of a democratic capitalistic post war world, and Russia saw the US as the main obstacle in the way of a totalitarian communist post war world. The only similarity between the views of the two countries was that neitherRead MoreThe End Of World War Two And The United States1411 Words   |  6 PagesThe end of World War Two saw Russia and the United States as world powers, each with totally different views on how the new world should be governed.The Cold War was a fight between Communism and Capitalism; only one method could prevail. Communism, w as the notion that through a class war all would become equal, all property owned publicly and each person paid equally. On the opposite end of the spectrum lay Capitalism where there is an economic and political system of a country’s trade and industryRead MoreTsar Nicholas II in Russia Essay718 Words   |  3 PagesRussia was a rural country that once had regime. The majority of Russia was profoundly poor and the few that were rich were extremely wealthy. Their last ruler had been Tsar Nicholas II who was not a natural leader; in fact most people could describe him as a reluctant and feeble monarch. Russia suffered numerous revolutions and defeats in wars under the regime. As a result their country was damaged, economically and socially. Russia was poverty stricken particularly in the countryside where theRead MoreThe Fall of the Soviet Union1179 Words   |  5 Pages The fall of the Soviet Union Before one can understand the fall of the Soviet Union, he has to know how the nation came into being and the leaders, and the location of the country and the time period of its reign. How did the Soviet Union come into existence? Through the 1900’s the Soviet Union was entangled in a vast number of conflicts all because they wanted to spread communism. Subsequently, the rampant spread of communism and Soviet ideals had an impact in the First World War, Second WorldRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet War911 Words   |  4 Pagesof WWII and continued into the 1990’s. The Cold War was fueled by many factors such as ideological differences, mutual mistrust, America’s fear of the spread of communism, and nuclear weapons. The war ultimately resulted in the collapse of communism. The war was supported by allied nations although the main instigators of the war were Russia and the United States. A major short term factor that lead to the Cold War was USSR’s fear of America’s newly acquired atomic weapons. During WWII two atomicRead MoreHow The Domino Theory Backfired825 Words   |  4 Pagesafter the end of the infamous world wars, the Cold War followed. This war was an American effort against the Russian to, in part, fight the rise of communism. One of the most notorious wars for America, the only war they ever lost, was the Vietnam War; a branch of the Cold War effort of containment, or at least the effort to stop the spread of communism, was a theory coined as the domino theory. While the theory made sense at the time, in hindsight, it was flawed, and there were other ways to accomplish

Analysing the Effect of Management Skills-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Focuseon the gall up Strengths Possessed by an individual and the effect of the same over the Managerial skills of an individual. Answer: Introduction The current topic focuses on the gall up strengths possessed by an individual and the effect of the same over the managerial skills of an individual. In response to the collective reviews about employee engagement, one could find that after a year almost 49% of the employees felt not engaged at work and only 18% were actively disengaged. The study has been supported by the research conducted by the US based consulting firm Gallup Organization. In this respect, the Gallup organizations Clifton strengths finder could be used as an online measure of talent possessed by an individual for building and managing business processes within an organization. Team skill: The goal over here is to increase the productivity of the organization by effective management of teams. In this respect, the skills have been further divided into management skill, leadership skill, negotiation and team building skills. The gall up team skills are based upon theory and researches done through semi-structured interviews. The Clifton strengths finder is to initiate strength-based development process in work setting (Southwick et al. 2017). The questions asked though such survey helps in psychometric analysis and selection of the right individuals for achieving maximum team productivity. In this respect, the importance of the team skills have been further analysed and discussed through the assignment. The Clifton strengths finder was used by me to access the pair of strengths and weaknesses possessed by me. By taking the test I qualified as a relator, restorative, empathetic and positive individual. I further found that some of the attributes possessed by me could be maximized for development of better team building skills. I being a relator could connect easily with the people in my team, which helped me in performing better as a part of a team. This is also important in interacting with the clients and could make the negotiation skills much stronger, which serves as an effective means of Public relations. Thus, possessing a positive mindset continuously encourages me in improving my performance within the team and also individually. I could also use the same for motivating my fellow team members. As commented by DeBourgh and Prion (2017), positivity upholds the organizational culture. In this respect, past exposures to similar work experiences could also help me in finding out the loopholes or the gaps within the organizational process. I think being experienced and restorative would help me in addressing the challenges in successful delivery of the PR activities. One of the most important aspects of the PR activities is to take accountability of the services being delivered to the clients. Sometimes the glitches suffered in the customer services could be repaired by being more empathetic and restorative in ones approach towards the clientele. As commented by Anthony?McMann et al. (2017), the capabilities of being empathetic and relator also enables one to analyse the situation of the client better. This helps in personalized service delivery and developing better relationship with the clients, which further helps the organization in achieving a loyal customer base. My ability to ponder and reflect over individual skills can help in bringing together different capabilities, which could further help in enhancing the performance of the team as a whole. The individualization approach could also help me in understanding the different patterns if client demands. As asserted by Southwick et al. (2017), the more diversified the team is, the better is the learning opportunities offered. Relationship building is one of the most important team skills and acts glue in holding the team together through every thick and thin. A positive relationship building approach could also help me in being motivated for longer period of time. The evaluation through the different set of Gallup skills helps in further analysing the employee engagement policies with respect to any business organization. A cumulative positive reply emphasizes upon sufficient interaction and support from the management, whereas a low score calls for much improvement in the overall team building skills (Busch and Davis, 2017). Management skill The management skill is based upon the communication approaches undertaken for dealing with the client. As a manager, I need to relate to my client for understanding their requirements better. Some of the skills possessed by me which could help me in developing better public relations are that of an empathizer and that of Relator. I need to be friendly in my communication perspective with the team members and the respective clients. As commented by Treadway et al. (2014), an empathetic approach is often seen as people extended support that helps them to confide and share. In this respect Anthony?McMann (2017), providing timely and courteous reply to the client is one of the effective public relations strategies which could be used by me over here. I also need to justify and emphasize the goals and objectives of the client during drafting up a publicity strategy for them. Therefore, being a relator would help me in establishing the said task and objectives. Skill of leadership The leadership skill is mainly attributed to a set of qualifications possessed by an individual for guiding the desired objectives of his team. The leadership skills would help me in achieving organizational learning along with ensuring effective collaboration within the teammates. As commented by Anthony?McMann et al. (2017), efficient leadership approaches help in providing right direction to the organizational or collective approaches. I can use the kouzes and Posner leadership style in order to evaluate and enhance my leadership approaches. It has been further discussed in detail with respect to the PR strategies and goals. I can use positivity to motivate my teammates. Additionally, practising the skills of individualization can help me in understanding the demands of my clients better. Factors Attributes Modelling I need to align actions with personal and shared values, which helps in better understanding the goals. Inspire Share my personal aspirations with the team Lay out the possibilities for achieving positive PR outcomes in front of the team Challenge Risk taking and learning from past mistakes Drawing out innovative ways to desired change and improvement Enable I need to promote active participation of my teammates in the decision-making process Fostering collaboration by promoting cooperative goals Encourage I need appreciate my subordinates frequently for the good work put up by them I can encourage my team members by providing them with additional responsibilities Table 2: leadership skills (Source: Author) Negotiation skill The negotiation skills are relatively important to understanding and addressing the organizational and individual dilemmas. I can use some of the negotiating skills such as active listening and tact and diplomacy to diffuse tensions. As commented by Pastor et al. (2015), the process of negotiation is based on finding out the gap and closing the gap by reaching an agreement. The entire process of negotiation can be carried out in a number of stages such as planning, climate setting, identification of the issue, narrowing down the gap. One of the PR strategies which could be implied by me is analysing the situation from both individuals as well as the perspective of the client. As commented by Nelson (2015), practising mutuality in negotiation can help in development of a positive relationship with the client. In this respect, the relator skills possessed by me could help in empathizing or understanding the problem situation of the client. Skill of team building The aspect of team building is one of the most important aspects which govern the success of the public relation activities. The team building skill can be developed and enhanced by me on a personal level by practising the 12 Cs of team bonding. These have been described as- clear expectations, context, commitment, competence, charter, control, collaboration, communication, consequences, coordination, culture change. In order to expand upon each of the above-mentioned roles, I need to develop and strengthen my restorative and individualization skills. The restorative skills would allow me to incorporate sufficient care in handling and management of the cumulative risks taken by the team as a whole. The role of leader is to make everyone seem like a hero as part of the team. Therefore, I need to use individualization approaches for highlighting the hidden talents of each member of the team and utilize the same for team building. Conclusion The survey was conducted for the purpose of analysing the effect of management skills on up scaling the employee performance. The goal of a manager is to unite discrete personalities for maximization of the organizational goals and objectives. The major team oriented skills which should be possessed are establishment of a focused objective for the team, empowering the team members, developing the performance of individual team members, use of good interpersonal skills such as affective communication and negotiation standards for clearly communicating the team goals and objectives. In order to become a successful in implementing team skills active and collaborative working along with focussing on both the product and productivity at a time can help in improving the public relations and achieving positive results References Anthony?McMann, P.E., Ellinger, A.D., Astakhova, M. and Halbesleben, J.R., (2017). Exploring different operationalizations of employee engagement and their relationships with workplace stress and burnout.Human Resource Development Quarterly,28(2), pp.163-195. Busch, P.S. and Davis, S.W., (2017). Inside Out Personal Branding (IOPB): Using Gallup Clifton StrengthsFinder 2.0 and 360Reach.Marketing Education Review, pp.1-16. DeBourgh, G.A. and Prion, S.K., (2017). Student-Directed Video Validation of Psychomotor Skills Performance: A Strategy to Facilitate Deliberate Practice, Peer Review, and Team Skill Sets.International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship,14(1). Foster, A., (2015). PDK/GALLUP poll: When answers mean more questions.The Education Digest,80(6), p.35. Holtzman, D.M. and Kraft, E.M., (2016). Skills Needed in the Workplace: A Comparison of the Results of Feedback from Representatives of Large and Small Businesses in New Jersey, pp.15-25.. Nelson, R., (2015). Seeking job satisfaction with a mix of skills.EE-Evaluation Engineering,54(10), pp.4-5. Pstor, ?., Stambaugh, R.F. and Taylor, L.A., (2015). Scale and skill in active management.Journal of Financial Economics,116(1), pp.23-45. Southwick, F.S., Martini, B.L., Charney, D.S. and Southwick, S.M., (2017). Leadership and Resilience. InLeadership Today(pp. 315-333). Berlin: Springer International Publishing, p.25. Taneja, S., Sewell, S.S. and Odom, R.Y., (2015). A culture of employee engagement: A strategic perspective for global managers.Journal of Business Strategy,36(3), pp.46-56. Treadway, D.C., Douglas, C., Ellen III, B.P., Summers, J.K. and Ferris, G.R., (2014). Leader political skill and team effectiveness: The positioning of political skill in the framework of leader competencies.Leader interpersonal and influence skills: The soft skills of leadership, pp.173-206.

Psychological effects of parental employment and early childcare on individuals today

Women being the key players in child care and development have resulted to joining the labor force because of the financial pressure facing families and changes in societal roles for the female gender. However no matter what the reason is, it is affecting today’s child development enormously, this is because children have social needs that have to be met and this can be best done by a parent and not a day care program or a nanny as that is the system currently.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Psychological effects of parental employment and early childcare on individuals today specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Parental employment has led to children being enrolled to schools before they are ready for it and due to this many of them get discouraged and disoriented because of the school system and hence drop out at an early stage. If they do not get encouragement or support to go back to school they grow int o adulthood where they begin a life of struggling in order to survive trough any means hence, all the vices characterizing today’s society. Children lacking parental attention tend to take drugs in their adulthood because they feel desperate and unwanted hence seeking refuge in narcotics. This children also often become very defiant and antisocial, they consider adult advice as boring and mere talk and,they also grow to be very distant from their parents some even disown them completely. Forming any kind of relationship with other people also becomes difficult because they have not been taught to do so in childhood. Jacqui (1997) explains that â€Å"infant mortality is the number of deaths of children below one year for every a 1000 live births and the type of death could be neonatal, that is, death before 29 days after birth and post neonatal after the 29 days.† This division is due to the difference in cause of death at these ages. The rate of deaths has been high in the past but it has gradually reduced due to improvement of basic health, improved technology and more trained personnel in the medical field. The major cause of death has been dehydration from diarrhea; however this has reduced due to the education of mothers about the oral rehydration solution. Currently pneumonia is the most common cause of infant death, other major causes of death are: Congenital defectsAdvertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These are birth defects and they occur while the fetus is still in the womb, they affect the looks or the functioning of the body. Physical defects are such as cleft lip and palates while functional defects involve the body organs such as the; heart, lungs, kidneys, liver and there are also chromosomal abnormalities like Down’s syndrome, those that are very severe lead to infant death. Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight-Preterm birth is bi rth before the required period of pregnancy is over that is 37 weeks while low birth weight is weight below 2.5 kilogram’s or 2500 grams. Regardless of the length of pregnancy, also referred to as short conception phase, is a span of pregnancy less than 38 weeks. In 2005 babies the number if infant deaths due to these two factors were 4698. The WHO noted that â€Å"Maternal difficulties of Pregnancy-These include preeclampsia, placenta previa, incompetent cervix, umbilical cord and placenta complications among many others; they arise during pregnancy and lead to infant death especially at the time of birth.† Other causes of infant death include malaria, malnutrition, infections, child abuse, abandonment, sexually transmitted diseases and sudden infant death syndrome† (Wegman, 2001). In developed countries the major cause of death is low birth weight which can be improved through prenatal care to encourage mothers to feed well because most fear gaining weight due to the pregnancy. In developing countries the major problems are diarrhea, infectious diseases and HIV/Aids, they can control this by improving basic health care and providing health education to mothers. Reference List Jacqui, W. (1997). Baby Milk Companies Accused of Breaching Marketing Code. British Medical Journal, pg. 167–169. Retrieved from http://www.deathreference.com/Me-Nu/Mortality-Infant.html#ixzz0qGjLsLkK Wegman, M. E. (2001). Infant Mortality in the 20th Century, Dramatic but Uneven Progress. Journal of Nutrition, pg. 131. Retrieved from http://www.deathreference.com/Me-Nu/Mortality-Infant.html#ixzz0qGjLsLkK This report on Psychological effects of parental employment and early childcare on individuals today was written and submitted by user Colten B. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Functions of English Adjectives and Their Equivalents in Vietnamese Language Essays

Functions of English Adjectives and Their Equivalents in Vietnamese Language Essays Functions of English Adjectives and Their Equivalents in Vietnamese Language Paper Functions of English Adjectives and Their Equivalents in Vietnamese Language Paper such as the blind, the dead, the deaf, e. g. : The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. (1) This wing of the hospital is reserved for the critically ill. The British and the French do not always understand each other. (Examples from sites. google. om) In the example 1, it means that all rich people get richer and all poor people get poorer. The rich and the poor do not refer to Just one person or to a small group. They do not denote one person the rich man or the poor man. It often refer to a general word for human beings likes people. And, people is normally omitted and the use of the rich and the poor as heads of the noun phrases or without noun. According to researchers These adjectives functioning as nouns always have generic reference, do not inflect for number or the -s genitive, and require a singular verb. (sites. google. om) Type 2: Adjectives representing or substituting nouns (i. e. as pronouns). The noun heads in such sentences are omitted. It could be easily recog nized from context (usually in the receding clause); it can have specific or generic reference and be singular or plural e. g. : Do you prefer Irish coffee or Turkish (coffee)? We ordered mashed potatoes, but he served us boiled (potatoes). The red dress is prettier, but the green (dress) suits her better. (Examples from sites. google. com) c. Compound adjective: Compound adjective is a combination of two or more words and functions as an adjective. Compound adjective could be a word or words with the insertion of This depends of the style of the language users: One word Words with s Noun + Adjective snow-white (trng nhl_r tuy? ©t), knee-deep ( s? ¤u d? ©n d? ¤u g? ¶i), pitch-dark (t? ¶i den nhLr mVc), world-wide (khp th? © gidi), noteworthy (d? ¤ng ch Y) Noun + Past participle handmade (l? ¤m bng tay) ,moss-covered (b! ? ©u ph), lion-hearted (dung m? ¤nh nhLr scr tdr), heartbroken (dau long), homegrown (nh? ¤ tr? ¶ng), heart-warming (vui v? ©) Adverb + Adjective everlasting (vinh cdru), well-educated ( c? ¶ gi? ¤o duc t? ¶t),ill-bred = ill-educated ( v? ¶ gi? ¤o vc), newly-lit = newly-born (mdi sinh) Adjective + Adjective . blue-black (xanh den), white-hot (cVc n? ¶ng), red-hot (nong d), dark-brown (n? ¤u dam), worldly-wise (ttrng tri) Hyphenated adjectives (Tinh tlr k? ©p bng d? ¤u gech ngang) A four-year-old girl = The girl is four years old. A ten-store building = The building ha s ten stores. Adjective + Noun Long-eared : c? ¶ tai d? ¤i, Blue-eyed : c? ¶ mt xanh Adverb / Adjective + V + ing Good-looking (d? © nhin), bad-looking (kh? ¶ cot), nice-looking (Xinh xn), ill-smelling (mi kh? ¶ ngdn), slow-moving (di chuy? ©n chem) (From www. tienganh. com. vn) d. Adjective order: In English, people usually use more than one adjective before a noun † for example, an old square wooden table or Shes a small thin Canadian lady. When more than one adjective present at the same time, there is a rule to put them in a correct order, depending on their types. Look at the table to see basic types od adjectives the rule of orders for English adjectives: The basic types of adjectives Opinion An opinion adjective explains what you think about something (other people may not agree with you). For example: silly, beautiful, horrible, difficult Size A size adjective, of course, tells you how big or small something is. For example: large, tiny, enormous, little Age An age adjective tells you how young or old something or someone is. For example: ancient, new, young, old Shape A shape adjective describes the shape of something. For example: square, round, flat, rectangular Color A color adjective, of course, describes the color of something. For example: blue, pink, reddish, grey Origin An origin adjective describes where something comes from. For example: French, lunar, American, eastern, Greek Material A material adjective describes what something is made from. For example: wooden, metal, cotton, paper Purpose nd with -ing. For example: sleeping (as in sleeping bag), roasting (as in roasting tin) Some examples of adjective order silly young English man huge round metal bowl small red sleeping bag (From web2. vcs. uvic. ca) 1. What is an adjective in Vietnamese? As in English, Vietnamese adjectives describes characteristics, the nature of things, activities, status. According Nguy? ©n T? ¤i can (NgCr ph? ¤p Ti? ©ng Vlet, 2001) adjectives are words expressing characteristics about quality, property, color, smell, taste and relationship between noun and pronoun. For examples: xinh, v? ¤ng, thom, to , gii,.. . Semantics functions of Vietnameses adjectives: Stative and dynamic adjectives: In Vietnamese, there are also stative and dynamic adjectives. The stative adjectives often describe stative qualities such as x? ¤u, t? ¶t, b? ©n, dep, n? ¶ng, xanh, d? ¤i, h? ¶ng The dynamic adjectives have tendency to show state such as bu? ¶n, y? ©u, met, vui, henh phc 3. Syntactic functions of Vietnamese adjectives: a. Adjective-itself and adjective-not-itself: Categorizing adjectives in Vietnamese is different form some other language. There are usually some adjectives are played by other classes of words like nouns and erbs. For examples, cu? ©c s? ¶ng n? ¶ng th? ¶n in this phrase n? ¶ng th? ¶n could be seen as a noun or an adjective. Or in the phrase th? ¤i d? © ph? ¤n biet d? ¶i x, ph? ¤n biet d? ¶i xdr could be considered as a verb or an. According to L? © Dinh TLr, Vietnamese adjectives can be divided into two types: Adjective-itself (tinh tlr tg th? ¤n) Adjective-itself describes characteristic, color, size, shape, sound, taste, degree, volume of a person or a thing. For examples: Characteristics: t? ¶t, x? ¤u, sech, ban, dng, Sai, h? ©n nh? ¤t. Color: xanh, d, tim, v? ¤ng, x? ¤m, den, trng, n? ¤u. Size: cao, th? ¤p, ? ©ng, hep, d? ¤i, ngn, to, nh, b? ©, kh6ng lb, ti hon, mng, d? ¤y. Shape: vu? ¶ng, tr? ¶n, Cong, thng, quanh co. Sound: On, On ? ¤o, tr? ¤m, b6ng, vang. -Tasting/smell: thom, th? ¶i, h? ¶i, cay, n? ¶ng, ngqt, dng, Chua, tanh. Adjective-not-itself (tinh tlr kh? ¶ng tg th? ¤n) Adjective-not-itself are verbs and nouns used as an adjective. This type can be determined depending on the context. If these adjectives are separated from the co ntext, they are not adjectives. According to L? © Dinh TLr, when using noun and verb as adjectives, the word would bring out a little different mean from its original, usually more general. For example, h? ¤nh d? ©ng ? ¤n curdp h? ¤nh Ong means an act, action ? ¤n curdp means to rob The phrase refer to an act which is too bad, too serious that could be compared with robbing, not a real robbery. From Le Dinh Tus opinion, in Vietnamese, there two types of adjective-not-itself: * Adjective transformed from noun. For examples: c? ¶ng nh? ¤n (trong: vi xanh c? ¶ng nh? ¤n); nh? ¤ qu? © (trong: c? ¤ch s? ¶ng nh? ¤ qu? ©); cdra quy? ©n (trong: th? ¤i d? © cdra quy? ©n); st d? ¤ (trong: tr? ¤i tim st d? ¤); c? ¶n d? ¶ (trong: h? ¤nh Ong c? ¶n d? ¶). * Adjective transformed from verb. For examples: Chey l? ¤ng (trong: h? ¤i d? © Chey l? ¤ng); d kich (trong: tranh d kich); phn d? ¶i (trong: thur phn d? ¶i); bu? ¶ng th (trong: l? ¶i s? ¶ng bu? ¶ng th). b. Adjectives as noun phrase heads: In Vietnamese, adjective could be used as a noun: T? ¤n t? ¤t Ngurdi tan tat M? ¤u d Gi? ¤u Ngurdi gi? ¤u From the examples, we can see that an Vietnamese adjective functions as a noun when it is combined with an appropriate determiner (ngurdi, m? ¤u .. ). c. Compound adjective: According to L? © Dinh TLr, Vietnamese compound adjective could be established through these following ways: Combine an adjective with an adjective. For example: Xinh dep, cao ldn, to b? ©o, dng cay, ngay thng, mau ch? ¶ng, kh? ¶n ngoan, ngu d? ¤n. Combine an adjective with a noun. For example: m? ©o mieng, to gan, c(rng d? ¤u, c(rng c6, ngn ng? ¤y, v? ¤ng chanh Combine an adjective with a verb. For example: kh? ¶ hi? ©u, d? © chlu, chem hi? ©u, d? © cot, kh? ¶ n? ¶i. Reduplicate the original adjective, maybe the whole adjective or Just part of it. For example: den, tr? ¤ng trng, do d, v? ¤ng v? ¤ng, n? ¤u n? ¤u; sech s? ©, may mn, chem chep, nhanh nhen, dt d. d. Adjective order: The position of adjective in Vietnamese is more flexible. We can change the position mong adjectives without changing the meaning of the phrase. For example: C? ¤i b? ¤n m? ¤u den bng gd c? ¤i b? ¤n bng gd m? ¤u den C? ¤y thurdc d? ¤i m? ¤u trng bng nh? ¶m => cay thurdng bng nh? ¶m d? ¤i m? ¤u den There is no fixed principle for the order of adjectives in Vietnamese A Contrastive Analysis between English and Vietnamese Adjectives 1 . In terms of semantics: From the overview, we can see it is not much different between adjectives in English and Vietnamese in terms of semantics. They are all used to describe about quality, property, color, smell, taste and relationship between noun and pronoun. . In terms of syntactic: a. Attributive and predicative adjectives In general, both English adjectives and Vietnamese adjectives can function as attributive and predicative. For examples: Bn Ch l? ¤ sv k? ©t hqp ho? ¤n ho hai m? ¶n ? ¤n durqc y? ©u thich trong ma he: th! t nurdng v? ¤ salad (dura g? ¶p, rau s? ¶ng). Di? ©u d? ©c biet thu ht thvc kh? ¤ch kh? ¶ng chi tlr nhCmg vi nurdng ch thom ltrng tr? ©n b? ©p than m? ¤ c? ¶n nm d b? ¤t m_rdc ch? ¤m d? ©m d? ¤ Chua, cay, men, ngqt. (http://vnexpress. net/) In this example, ho? ¤n ho , thom ltrng, d? ¶m d? ¤ chua cay, men, ngqt function as a ttributive to the head noun sv k? ©t hqp, nhCmg vi nurdng ch, b? ¤t ncrdc ch? ¤m Another example: V! nh He Long l? ¤ noi IY turdng d? © tho? ¤t khi cu? ©c s? ¶ng ph? ¶ th! t? ¤p nap, chen chc d? ©n ng? ©p thd ngo? ¤i kia. In this case, IY turdng is a predicative to subject Ninh He Long. However, there are some differences. Attributive adjectives in English are put immediately before the noun and vice versa for the Vietnamese. For examples: C? ¶? ¤y l? ¤ m? ©t ngurdi phu nCrxinh dep. She is a beautiful lady. My teacher has black curly hair Th? ¤y t? ¶i c? ¶ m? ¤i toc xon den In order words, when translating from English to Vietnamese, functions of adjectives Vietnamese A red hat M? ¶t c? ¤i non d A wonderful movie M? ©t b? © phim tuyet vdi A romantic song M? ©t b? ¤i h? ¤t l? ¤ng men A very kind man M? ©t ngurdi d? ¤n Ong r? ¤t tdr t? © b. Adjective as a noun phrase head Both English and Vietnamese adjectives can function as a noun phrase head but there are differences between them. In English, for adjective to function as head of a noun phrase, it is usually combined with a determiner the (this is for the Type 1 only), as in Vietnamese, we can add an appropriate pre-modifier to the noun. Like all oun phrases, they can be subject, object, complement and complement of a preposition. For example: Those kinds of adjectives can denote plural and generic references, classes, categories or types of people. The rich get richer and the poor get poorer Ngurdi gi? ¤u ng? ¤y c? ¤ng gi? ¤u v? ¤ ngurdi ngh? ©o ng? ¤y c? ¤ng ngh? ©o Theres a widening disparity between the young and the old. C? ¶ m? ©t sv kh? ¤c biet ldn giCra ngurdi gi? ¤ v? ¤ ngurdi tr? © ( th? © he tr? ©) However, in English, these adjectives are restricted to denote plural and generic references, classes, categories or types of people. Therefore, the rich cannot denote one person. While, in Vietnamese, when expressing plural nouns, we must add the pre-modifier nhCmg nhCmg ngurdi gi? ¤ the old nhCmg ngurdi gi? ¤u the rich nhCmg ngurdi tan tat the disabled c. Compound adjectives Compound adjectives in English and Vietnamese are having nearly the same functions and forms. Both are a combination of an adjective with another class of word (even an adjective). There is one little difference is that English compound adjectives sometimes have a - between words. d. Adjective order Adjectives always function as attributive in both English and Vietnamese as mentioned above. However, their positions in a sentence are different. There are usually series of adjectives presenting at the same time to modify a noun. In English, the order of these adjective must be regulated by a fixed rule. purpose While, the order of Vietnamese adjectives is more flexible. In Vietnamese, adjective which appears near the head noun often plays the most important role. Look at these examples: A smart tall young Korean man M? ©t anh ch? ¤ng H? ¤n qu? ¶c tr? © cao to dep trai M? ©t anh ch? ¤ng tr? © H? ¤n Qu? ¶c dep trai cao to M? ©t anh ch? ¤ng dep trai H? ¤n Qu? ¶c tr? © cao to Implication For an English teacher, from the researcher, there are some aspect that could help in eaching English to Vietnamese student: Firstly, the order of adjectives In English and Vietnamese are different, therefore, students usually make mistake when translating the text. For example: M? ©t c? ¤i b? ¤n dt ti? ©n A table expensive. This is a common mistake among Vietnamese learners. Therefore, there must be more intention in this section. Secondly, there are many similarities between English adjectives and Vietnamese adjective, such as compound nouns, use age of adjective as a head of noun. Knowing this can facilitate the teaching process in the class. For example: eacher could give an equivalent word in Vietnamese compound to an English vocabulary while trying to explain the meaning of the word. Thirdly, the use of adjective as a noun might be new to many learners. They might confuse why red could be a noun and an adjective but rich or poor cannot, unless they are preceded by a determiner the. Teacher should pay more attention to this usage of adjective. For an English learner, when using an adjective, the order is very important. Mistaking this in communicating could be and embarrassing moment, and, learners should never translate to English directly from their first language. References Adjectives (gradable / non-gradable)(n. d. ). Retrieved from http:// learnenglish. ritishcouncil. org/en/grammar-reference/ad]ectives-gradable-non- gradable Adjective Order (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://web2. uvcs. uvic. ca/elc/ studyzone/410/grammar/adJord. htm Adjectives as noun phrase heads (n. d. ). Retrieved from https://sites. google. com/site/agrammaroferrors/l-l-the-noun-phrase/ 1-5 Albert, H. (2010). Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English Dictadv Series (8th ed. ) . Oxford: Oxford University Press Attributive and predicative adjectives (2012). Retrieved from http:// www. ingforum. com/forum/viewtopic. php? Retrieved from http://elearning. ccnu. edu. cn/ermsweb/libs/cwlib/%E8%AF%AD %E6%B3%95A/unit10/web/4. htm Compound adjectives (2009). Retrieved from http:// www. tienganh. com. vn/showthread. php? 26635-Compound-AdJectives L? ©, T. (2011 , February). Tinh tlr ti? ©ng Viet. Retrieved from http://ngnnghc. wordpress. com/tag/tinh-t Nguy? ©n, C. (1999). Ngcr ph? ¤p Ti? ©ng Viet. H? ¤ Net: NXB hoc Qu? ¶c Gta. V, N. (2013, June). Bn ch lot top 10 m? ¶n ngon ma h? © ca CNN. Retrieved from http://vnexpress. net/gl/xa-hoi/du-lich/2013/06/bun-cha-lot-top-10-mon-ngon-mua-he- cua-cnn/

Beautyism and Friends

Beautyism and Friends Beautyism and Friends Beautyism and Friends By Maeve Maddox It’s not in my two main dictionaries yet, but beautyism has found a place in the catalogue of English words ending in -ism: Beautyism in the Workplace: Disguised Discrimination Jawahar and Mattsson (2005) investigated sexism and beautyism effects in employment processes using experimental research. The suffix -ism has been a prolific source of English nouns since the Middle Ages, but this newest use, to form words that denote perceived superiority or discrimination, is fairly recent and has produced the following nouns: ageism: Prejudice or discrimination on the grounds of a persons age; age discrimination, especially against the elderly. racism: prejudice and antagonism towards people of other races, especially those felt to be a threat to ones cultural or racial integrity or economic well-being. sexism: prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically against women, on the basis of sex. beautyism: prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination on the basis of physical attractiveness or lack of it. On the Ngram chart, the word racism begins a dramatic rise in the 1930s. Sexism and ageism begin their rise at the end of the 1960s. Beautyism barely shows in comparison with the others, but is on the graph beginning in 1971. The OED added these additional definitions for the use of the suffix -ism in 2004: a. Forming nouns with the sense ‘belief in the superiority of one [something] over another’; as racism, sexism, speciesism, etc. b. Forming nouns with the sense ‘discrimination or prejudice against on the basis of [something]; as ageism, bodyism, heightism, faceism, lookism, sizeism, weightism, etc. Some other uses of -ism To form nouns that name the process or completed action of a verb in -ize: baptize/baptism criticize/criticism, exorcize/exorcism plagiarize/plagiarism ostracize/ostracism To form nouns that name the action or conduct of a class of persons: hero/heroism patriot/patriotism despot/despotism To form the name of a system of theory or practice, sometimes on the name of the subject or object, and sometimes on the name of its founder: Arianism Buddhism Conservatism Puritanism Platonism Feminism To form a noun denoting a peculiarity or characteristic, especially of language: Americanism Gallicism archaism colloquialism solecism sophism witticism Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:36 Adjectives Describing Light10 Types of TransitionsQuiet or Quite?

ENG DB3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ENG DB3 - Essay Example The exile of the Jews by God was enough for them to believe that Jews had literally no place by their name on this world. The Zionists continued to work towards the settlement of their tribesmen irrespective of the oppositional cry. They developed the Jewish National Fund in 1901 with the help of the World Zionist Organization. With this fund they planned on buying lands in not only in Palestine but also Syria, various parts of Turkey and some areas of Sinai. These lands were carefully taken over solely for the settlement of the Jews. After purchasing the lands at very high price the Zionists were determined to keep it and also wanted it to be run by their own people instead of Arab farmers. They devised a plan of employing the Arabs in transit to another country so that they may be excavated instead of being thrown out of the land. Nearly five hundred and thousand people have been living in the West Bank against international law since 1967 despite the denial by the Israeli governme nt. The colonization of Palestinian state led to severe bloodshed. Along with Britain, the Zionist body got together to clear the land of Jerusalem. The protection of the Jews became the chief motif in this regard. A British Embassy was establish to keep track of any report which went against the protection of the Jews. Even the Ottoman Empire was requested to give room to the Jewish settlers while their permanent residence was arranged by the higher authority. All this was done under Lord Palmerston in 1839. This way the British influence over the Middle East started to grow progressively. Israel has been avoiding Arab invasion in the premises of the Green Line ever since September 1997. This problem is being attempted to be solved by moving the Bedouins away from the towns of Negev and Galilee where they are mostly populated. The Jewish population remains under scrutiny for its suspicious moves against innocent

North American Archaeology- The Middle Woodland Period in the eastern Essay

North American Archaeology- The Middle Woodland Period in the eastern United States - Essay Example The specific cultural traits that brought about the distinguishing difference as well as the explanations as to why the attributes were unsustainable to the late woodland people is discussed below in detail. What cultural traits are commonly used to define the Middle Woodland as a particularly progressive era in comparison to the Early Woodland? There are several cultural traits but all of which can be attributed to one cultural practice which was one of the most influential in this era and which made this middle woodland period experience immense cultural growth and cultural boom. There were widespread Hopewell practices with influence in the burial ceremonies, settlement, pottery, agriculture, ornament making using different materials among other practices. During the early woodland period, burying of the dead was not marked by making mounds on the burial sites but this was introduced during the middle woodland period as a sign of respect and to prevent people from occupying that l and. With the changes and improvements in the burial ceremony, there was introduction of mortuaries where bodies and bones of important people were stored awaiting proper burial in mass graves during special events in the community. This brought about status differences of the dead from the previous period and with it came social complexity (Sutton and Yohe, 289). There was marked improvement in the pottery making and the making of other ornaments in terms of materials being used. The early woodland period ornaments were made from stones and a few shells towards the end of the period. With the middle woodland period, stones were replaced with shells, copper, mica among other materials. This was accompanied by improvement in the skills of making these ornaments and even pottery. The other major cultural trait that indicates progress of this period compared to the previous period was in terms of settlement. Previously, settlements were scattered and not very complex. Concentration was also paid to the external of the settlements more than the internal but this changed. More concentration was paid to the internal of the settlement areas hence starting to decorate them. People started grouping themselves instead of living separately which brought about the issue of social complexity that had not been witnessed before. The grouping of the people started developments of centers and markets and even roads (Neusius and Gross, 477). What explanations have been given as to why the attributes that defined this era were apparently unsustainable among Late Woodland peoples? The late woodland period though expected to be even better in terms of cultural growth was below the middle woodland period. The main reason for this and which almost the root of all the other reasons is the settlement dispersion. Unlike in the middle woodland period where people settled together in large groups hence helping each other and freeing lands for agricultural use, this late period saw the po pulations disperse into different areas. This led to abandonment of some cultural practices like the ornament making, pottery and agricultural farming of subsistence foods like maize. The discovery and increase in horticulture also led to the change of the

Common Inventory System Problems & Solution Essay Example for Free

Common Inventory System Problems Solution Essay Symptoms: Preoccupation with the forecast within the execution time frame. Typically, companies begin altering their forecast management processes when addressing supply chain performance. But this is unwise without understanding the nature of your demand and the root causes of forecast errors. When forecast accuracy is overemphasized, fill rates and inventory turns don’t improve, even when forecast accuracy does. No measure of customer service or inventory turns. Customers must be satisfied on an ongoing basis for a company to achieve long-term sustainability. Yet, inventory managers often have no idea how well customers’ needs are being met. Similarly, without knowing how quickly inventory moves through the value-creation-and-delivery system, a company won’t be able to manage inventory levels. Daily planning is based on a back order report. This is an entirely reactive model. Today’s fast-paced marketplace requires proactive inventory planning to meet current demand. Customers will switch to a competitor if their needs are consistently unmet in the time frame they dictate. Solutions: Mandatory tracking of fill rate and inventory turns for all product lines. Product managers should know these measures at all times. Fill rate should be measured daily, while inventory-turn measures will vary based on sales and production cycles. The important thing is that managers are both tracking and working to improve these rates. Develop realistic forecast-error measures. Developing realistic measures for how much forecast error you can tolerate without a SKU stock-out is essential. Typically, companies estimate plus or minus 10 for this measure, which equals about two days worth of inventory-a miniscule amount considering that companies often have weeks or months worth of inventory. Effective forecast management and inventory planning require accurate data, so accurate forecast error measures are a must. Mistake No. 2: Having unqualified employees manage inventory Symptoms: A sentiment that â€Å"our business is different because (fill in the blank).† Every company has inventory planning challenges, such as variable demand. No business is so different that it would not benefit from strategic  inventory management. Decentralized inventory management. If warehouse managers, office clerks, and other employees without specific inventory-management training are making inventory-management decisions, then it is certain that wasteful inventory is piling up throughout the system. Usually, this model reflects a company with no clear goals or strategy for inventory planning. Lack of formal training program or professional peer interaction. Inventory management is a professional skill that requires upfront and ongoing education. Emphasizing â€Å"buying† over planning. Buyers make purchases, but planners make strategic decisions to meet goals. Thinking of inventory planning from a purely â€Å"buying† point of view means opportunities for improvement and financial benefits will be overlooked—daily. Solutions: Recognize that inventory management requires professional job skills, and hire and train accordingly. Just as a company with hundreds of thousands of free dollars on its balance sheet would hire professional investment advisers, a company with hundreds of thousands of dollars in inventory should have professional inventory managers. Assign accountability for inventory management. Often, companies can’t answer the question, â€Å"Who is in charge of making sure inventory levels support strategic goals?† If no one is, then these inventory planning goals will never be met. TOP 5 SOLUTIONS: 1. Use reorder points on inventory items to keep purchasing streamlined and inventory manageable. Reorder points (otherwise known as min. and max. levels) are the best method for making sure you have the right amount of inventory in your warehouse at all times. If you have too little inventory you could lose out on sales, but if you have too much your cash is tied up in inventory that will not be sold. One of the biggest problems many companies have is managing their cash. A quick way to solve that from an inventory standpoint is by making sure you have set the appropriate reorder points for your business. 2. Spend money on specialized training for mission-critical software. Companies with a lot of inventory spend thousands of dollars on software they need in order to manage and track their items as  they move all over the world. This software manages millions of dollars’ worth of assets. After spending so much money on software, some companies don’t want to spend a f ew thousand dollars extra to buy the specialized training they need to implement the software. This is a big mistake because this software won’t do you any good if you don’t spend a little bit more to learn how to use it. If you try to learn your software on your own you may suffer for months before you learn the basics of how it works. 3. Rearrange the warehouse to set up for picking efficiencies. Sometimes trainers see mistakes that are so obvious you would think they’d be corrected immediately, but warehouse managers may be too distracted to notice them. We often see 100,000-square-foot warehouses that are organized inefficiently. These companies could save themselves large sums of money by making a few changes to where they place their inventory. The items that you sell the most or send out the most should be right next to the shipping dock. This keeps your employees from having to walk all the way across the warehouse to pick them up every time you are going to send them out. As companies grow, sometimes they just randomly put things where there is sp ace. This works for a little while, but as you grow you need to think about efficiency because the minutes that your employees spend driving around the forklift cost you money. 4. Take time to get to know your technology so that you can use all the functionality. Rarely will a company use all of the functionality their software provides. Most of the time there is more that the software can do for you that you haven’t explored. Software companies always hear from their customers about which features they want added to the software when a lot of the time the features are already there. The more features that you use in the software the more effective you can be in managing your inventory. You should either assign someone within the company to learn the software functionality or pay someone to come in and teach it to you. 5. Stop doing yearly physical inventories and move to a more regular, smaller cycle counting and reconciling routine. Businesses used to shut down for a day to a week each year to go into their warehouse and physically count everything to make sure that it matched the information in their software. This practice is mostly outdated because of the amount of time and money it takes. Doing these checks in smaller, more regular cycles keeps a company from having to shut down. We recommend picking one section each day to check  your product levels against the information from your inventory software.

Writers of the Harlem Renaissance Essay -- Harlem Art Literature Essays

Writers of the Harlem Renaissance During the 1920?s, a ?flowering of creativity,? as many have called it, began to sweep the nation. The movement, now known as ?The Harlem Renaissance,? caught like wildfire. Harlem, a part of Manhattan in New York City, became a hugely successful showcase for African American talent. Starting with black literature, the Harlem Renaissance quickly grew to incredible proportions. W.E.B. Du Bois, Claude McKay, and Langston Hughes, along with many other writers, experienced incredible popularity, respect, and success. Art, music, and photography from blacks also flourished, resulting in many masterpieces in all mediums. New ideas began to take wings among circles of black intellectuals. The Renaissance elevated black works to a high point. Beyond simply encouraging creativity and thought in the African American community, the writers of the Harlem Renaissance completely revolutionized the identity of African American society as a whole, leading black culture from slavery to its current place in America today. There was no single cause which produced the Harlem Renaissance, but there are several historical developments which paved the way. The first set of contributing factors deal with the cultural background of Harlem from 1900 to 1920. At the turn of the century, Harlem first began to emerge as a distinctly black community. As black population increased, African American culture came to the surface and blacks started to hold prominent roles in this self-motivated community. This afro-centric atmosphere of Harlem appealed to many southern blacks, and as a result, ?the Great Migration of southern rural blacks to the north began in 1915? (Haskins 15). Blacks left segregation-... ...ier. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World, Inc., 1970. 272. Locke, Alain. ?The New Negro.? Black Nationalism in America. John H. Bracey Jr. New York/Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Company Inc, 1970. 334-347. ?The Harlem Renaissance.? Rev. 9 Feb. 1998. 11 Feb. 2000 Wintz, Cary D. Black Culture and the Harlem Renaissance. Houston: Rice University Press, 1943. Works Consulted African American Literature Book Club. ?The Harlem Renaissance.? 14 Feb. 2000 Chambers, Veronica. The Harlem Renaissance. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 1998. Franklin, John Hope. From Slavery to Freedom A History of Negro Americans. New York: Vintage Books, 1969. ?Harlem Renaissance.? 14 Feb. 2000 Lewis, David Levering. The Portable Harlem Renaissance Reader. New York: Viking Penguin, 1994. ?What is the Harlem Renaissance 14 Feb. 2000

Final Corporate Enterprise

Enterprise architecture is a strategic planning model of an organization. It is an important foundation that has grown from the impact of globalization and modern market dynamics. It facilitates an organization streamline technological and Information Technology (IT) strategies achieve tangible synergies and value addition in its business. There are key steps, and milestones involved in the designing and implementation of this model from the corporate current state to a final corporate Enterprise Architecture (EA).The steps, standards and guidelines involved in the enterprise architecture process are discussed below. However every enterprise has its own unique characteristics meaning that there can be no particular model of enterprise architecture that suits all enterprises. The person responsible for the development of the enterprise architecture is the enterprise architect (Feurer, 2007). Step 1: Initiate the EA Program The involvement and approval of the management of the corporat ion bears a pivotal role in this process.Therefore the initial step would be to win the goodwill and commitment of the management team (Feurer, 2007). Step 2: Establish EA governance Effective governance demands a competent decision-making process that elaborately defines the roles and responsibilities of the parties involved in the process as well as the desired standards to be attained. Enterprise architecture governance has five fundamental viewpoints namely: organization and roles, processes, standards and templates, tools, and key performance indicators (KPIs).The responsibility of the enterprise architect will be to; define governance principles, integrating governance into the EA and identifying the relevant governance bodies to ensure the process complies with the defined EA principles (Feurer, 2007). Step 3: Define the Architectural Approach In this step the EA team defines the bridging strategy to close the gap between the current-state and the final-state.There are six ma jor tasks in this step; to understand and utilize the enterprises operating model, draw a basic core graphic representation of the organization’s operating model that depicts the desired state of the enterprise architecture (this may require a particular template ), definition of the utilization and scope of the EA-this should be in tandem with the organization’s strategic plan, collaborate with the various stakeholders of the organization by educating the stakeholders on the benefits of the EA, the identification of the most appropriate EA framework is done at this point and lastly, the implementation of the EA is bound to demand skills that may not be currently in the organization, therefore elaborate educational and skill enhancement programs are developed at this stage (Feurer, 2007). Step 4: Develop the EA In developing the final-state EA, the basic viewpoints will have to be clearly elaborated for the purpose of accomplishing the following; collecting information and developing an information resource base on enterprise architecture in order to develop appropriate EA products as well as carry out a gap analysis and design the way forward to the final-state, defining the final-state as it would be desired (the â€Å"to-be state), document the current-state. The current-state assessment document is meant to provide the necessary information to guide the strategy to the final-state (Cashman, 2005.p 8) (See a graphic representation of current-state assessment in appendix A). Also in this step the EA products should be reviewed and updated to comply with the desired state. This is jointly done with the subject matter experts (SMEs) (Feurer, 2007). The gaps between the current-state and final-state are analyzed with the help of a gap analysis. The way forward referred to as the â€Å"migration path† is planned. It will include a step by step process of movement from the current-state to the final-state with a focus on the resources requir ed. Finally the approval and publishing of the EA is done. Step 5: Use the EA The Enterprise architecture is used as a strategic planning model of an organization.It will provide a collaboration platform for the EA team and the people who will implement it. In this step there is the promotion of the use of EA, the utilization of EA in procurement of the appropriate technological infrastructure, and lastly the implementation of the Corporation’s projects by the use of EA. Step 6: Maintain the EA The EA should be assimilated in the dynamics of the corporation’s business. It should be periodically reviewed with the view to adapt the necessary changes. Conclusion The evolving of enterprise architecture is a major step in the growing opportunities for innovation in any organization that seeks to comply with the global standards.As much as EA enhances the corporate image of an organization it is paramount that the corporation shares the lessons learnt with other organization s (Feurer, 2007). Appendix A The graphic representation above shows the current state of ICT in an organization’s department under five separate but interrelated topics (Cashman,2005. p 3). References Cashman, T. (2005). Current State Assessment: ICT Strategy Project. Department of Communications, Marine and Natural Resources. Retrieved February 21, 2009 from http://www. dcenr. gov. ie/NR/rdonlyres/C7917512-C6D9-43AB-8FAF-75525AC353B0/0/ICTStrategyCurrentStateAssessment. pdf Feurer, S. , (2007). Putting the Enterprise Architect in Enterprise Architecture.SAP NetWeaver Magazine. Retrieved February 21, 2009 from http://www. netweavermagazine. com/archive/Volume_04_(2008)/Issue_01_(Winter)/v4i1a09. cfm? session Feurer, S. , (2009). Building an Agile Enterprise Architecture. SAP NetWeaver Magazine. Retrieved February 21, 2009 from http://www. sapnetweavermagazine. com/archive/Volume_03_(2007)/Issue_04_(Fall)/v3i4a12. cfm? session Kreizman, G. , & Robertson, B. , (2006). Incorpora ting security into the Enterprise Architecture Process. Retrieved February 21,2009 from http://egovstandards. gov. in/egs/eswg5/enterprise-architecture-working-group-folder/gartners-reports/incorporating_security_into__137028. pdf/download

Role of Media and Islam in Pakistan’s Politics

With the end of the cold war, the drive towards democratization assumed center state. Out of a total 206 states in the world, 195 claims to be either democratic or republican. In spite of it, the nature and function of many self pro claimed democratic systems leave much to be desired. This has led to international efforts, led by the US, to engage in the twin task of democracy promotion and democracy protection. India joined the community of the democracies in 2000, at the turn of the millennium, and later became a member of the UN democratic funds in2005.It has sought to contribute to the efforts aimed at promotion and strengthening of democracy in its own way. The author of the book under review, Professor Muni, calls it â€Å"significant shift† in India’s foreign policy. As a close followers of India’s foreign policy he has tries to isolated the â€Å"democracy dimension† in India’s foreign policy towards its immediate neighbors on an individual country basis over three distinct phases, which makes interesting readings. Professor Muni has enough experience as an academic and a diplomat to comment on such an important issue with great care and diligence.After a brief review of theories of democracies and its interface with foreign policy, the author situates the Indian experience over three different phases. He argues during the first phase (1947-1960s) soon after freedom from colonial rule, India emphasis â€Å"independence and nationalism†. The principal architect of Indian foreign policy, Jawahar Lal Nehru, set out to build of free, cooperative and peaceful Asia. This explained Nehru’s vociferous argument in favor of inclusion of communist china in the comity of nations as an independent state.He went on to fashioned his policy of non alignment as a main benchmark of India’s foreign policy and try to stay out of the bipolar power politics. His policies towards neighboring countries demonstrated his pr edilection for democracies in spite of the compromises he made to protect the strategic and economic interests of India. The author makes a detailed analysis of Nehru’s approach towards Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Myanmar and Pakistan and concludes that Nehru’s preferences for democracies was often trumped by India’s vital security concerns.During the second phase (1960s-2000) the successors of Nehru, the author argues, adopted a pragmatic policy devoid an idealism that marked the Nehru years. The post 1962 (sino-indian war) years, as Nehru confessed shocked him out of his idealism and prepared the grounds for unapologetic realism in Indian foreign policy. Professor Muni demonstrate through his narrative of twists and turns of Nepalese politics that Indian supported democratic moments in Nepal when its suited its strategic interests unencumbered dilemma that characterized by Nehruvian years.All through, the main driver of India’s policy towards neighbors was t o keep the region free from adversarial influences. The security challenges post by china and Pakistan largely determined the parameters of India’s foreign policy since the 1970s. Even as India evolved as a democratic nation and institutions promoting democratic values took firm roots in the country, during this phase there was no enthusiasm to propagate democracy and encourage democratic forces in the neighborhood.Nevertheless, India played an important role in the liberation of East Pakistan in 1971, integrated Sikkim in 1975 and supported exiled democratic forces from Myanmar in 1970s and 1980s. Democracy mattered only when it converged with India’s strategic interests. However, india choose to diassociate it self from democratic forces in the mid 1970s. in Bhutan, india’s sided with the king and discouraged the popular movement raised by Bhutanis of Nepales region. It is quiet and other india forced the nepaled king to negotiate with the democratic forces in 1988.In the case of Myanmar, since the late 1980s, it decided to mend its relationship with the military Junta and ignore the democratic forces to balance china’s increasing proximity to Myanmar. The third phase since the start of new millennium as found India in the company of US, seeking to promote and protect democracy around the world. India has calibrated its policy towards its neighbors accordingly. Despite its aversion from the maost of Nepal, it played a critical role in the mainstreaming of this group and revived the democratic process.Despite playing a modest but critical role in Bangladesh’s return to democracy in 1990, it has maintained a study aloofness from the rough and tumble of Bangladesh politics. In recent years a fresh wave of the democracy swept the neighborhood. The author has appreciated India’s diplomatic responses to these changes. There is also a brief discussion on India’s efforts and indo-US coordination in the process of reco nstruction and democratization in Afghanistan since 9/11.The author implies that in view of India’s strategic interests in Afghanistan, it is imperative for India to continue with its developmental work despite attacks on its citizens by paksitan-sponsopred terrorists. In some author suggest that in its conduct of foreign policy, India should not blindly follow the US at the cost of its strategic interests. The book provides useful insights to India’s neighborhood policy over the last six decades. The author brings to bear his personal interaction many leading actors in both India and Nepal to present his analysis of Nepalese politics forcefully.His study of other neighbors of India somehow struggles to come that level of compliance and intensity. To be share to the author, given india’s leverage in Nepal and its ability to influence its politics, Nepal was certain to attract that much attention and care. However, one wondered if the author have accorded some sp ace to India’s reaction to the imperfect nature of Srilankan democracy with its lack of emphasis on inclusivity and pluralism. Given the threat it posed to the Srilankan polity and deep Indian involvement in the 1980s, Srilanka deserved some attention in the book.To the conclusion reader of the book finds the book and the author holds a strong grip over the material and issue it contained. The book deserve the attention of foreign policy analysts and scholars of international relations in India because in recent years India has sought to spell out its neighborhood policy tentatively with emphasis on building a web of interdependencies the neighbor and finally the book is a good depiction of India’s foreign policy specially in reference to its influences the democratic scenario in the outer world.

Supression in Katherin Mansfields Essay Example

Supression in Katherin Mansfields Essay Example Supression in Katherin Mansfields Essay Supression in Katherin Mansfields Essay Katherine Mansfield often presents the theme of suppression of women in her short stories. In Prelude and Bliss, she addresses the issue of women under suppression by providing insight to the reader into the minds of her characters, through the use of stream of consciousness, dialogue and other literary devices. The character of Linda in Prelude is presented to be suppressed in her marriage. She reveals to the reader in a stream of consciousness that for all her love and respect she hated him. Mansfield expresses her views on marriage in the context of her time and society in the aloe scene. Kezia observes the plant and her Mother simultaneously, allowing the reader to associate a connection between the withered cruel leaves of the plant and Lindas fatigued state. Lindas smile and half shut eyes suggest a hidden empathy with the aloe that blooms once a hundred years, echoing Lindas withdrawal from the world. The reader soon realizes that the male dominance of Stanley in her marriage has imposed a psychological suppression on her, reflected in her description of the aloe as fat, swelling, indicative of her fear of pregnancy and bearing children. Bertha Young in Bliss is also suppressed in her role as a mother. She stands like a poor little girl in front of the rich little girl with a doll before the nanny, despite having authority as lady of the house. The restraints imposed upon her in her day to day living is made apparent when she is unable to express fully her love for her daughter, loving her baby in parts from the neck as she bent to her exquisite toes instead of loving her whole. In her role as a wife, she is unable to maintain a conversation with her husband over the phone, incapable of sharing her bliss and replies to her husband with Entendu, attempting to speak in a language that is not genuinely hers. Similarly, the character of Beryl in Prelude is suppressed. She mentions her two selves in a stream of consciousness, alluding to her lack of personal identity, resulting from the suppression of being unmarried and isolated in the country. Beryl moans that I am never my real self for a moment and foresees herself as an awful frump in a year or two, reflecting her inner turmoil on being isolated and forced to only experience romance with her imaginary dark and slender young man. Ironically, Beryl is suppressed by being unmarried, while her sister Linda is suppressed by her awkwardness in her role as a mother and wife. Just as Beryl is never her real self, Bertha is never acquires her real opinion, being dependant on borrowed phrases such as Why be given a body if you have to keep it shut up in a case like a rare, rare fiddle? She compares her body to a fiddle entrapped in a case in a simile, alluding to her emotional isolation and suppression, despite convincing herself to be overcome by a feeling of bliss Her refusal to acknowledge reality is made evident when she hardly dared to look into the cold mirror, choosing to live in her ignorant blissful state over recognizing the truth. Continuing on the subject of music, Bertha declares twice that it is a pity that nobody plays the piano. Metaphorically, Berthas body is the musical instrument of the piano and fiddle, and the music she wishes to hear is in fact the intimacy between her and her husband, relating to her suppressed state within her marriage. The ideas of fear and suppression link the characters Kezia and Linda in Prelude. Kezias encounter with IT is described when she explores the empty house when the day flickered out and the night came. Suddenly she was still frightened. But IT was just behind her, waiting. Likewise, Linda encounter with THEY in her bedroom draws parallels with her daughters fear of IT, relating to Lindas fear of the bearing children and Stanleys deep desire to have a son. They were there, they knew she was frightened. The similarities between IT and THEY creates a connection between Kezia and Linda, allowing the reader to question if Kezia will learn from her mothers suppression or if she would follow and become suppressed herself in the future. The anonymity of the pronouns IT and THEY, also create a sense of oppression, both mother and daughter unable to identify clearly the source of their fears. Katherine Mansfield also presents ideas of how socially dictated patterns affect Berthas perception of Bliss, in turn suppressing her unknowingly. Mansfield satirizes the artistic middle class of her time through the portrayal of Berthas modern, thrilling friends. At the dinner party, the dialogue between the guests allows the reader to conclude that Bertha lives in a mundane society, where topics such as the dreadful experience of driving through eternity in a timeless taxi, or how tomato soup is so dreadfully eternal is often discussed. The absurd conversations between Berthas guests who she considers to be so keen on social questions and modern reflect the restraints of living in her superficial and mundane society. The abrupt ending of Bliss with the pear tree standing as lovely as ever and still compels the reader to question whether Bertha breaks free from her suppression upon realizing the emptiness of her marriage and life, reflecting Mansfields ideas that people dont always learn from their realizations. By providing her readers insight into the minds of her characters, Mansfield explores the theme of suppression of women in her short stories. By the end of her short stories Prelude and Bliss, she encourages her readers to contemplate on the nature of bliss, fear, and ultimately suppression.

History of 1924 Olympic Games in Paris

History of 1924 Olympic Games in Paris As an honor to the retiring IOC founder and president Pierre de Coubertin (and at his request) the 1924 Olympic Games were held in Paris. The 1924 Olympics, also known as the VIII Olympiad, were held from May 4 to July 27, 1924. These Olympics saw the introduction of the first Olympic Village and the first Closing Ceremony. Official Who Opened the Games: President Gaston DoumerguePerson Who Lit the Olympic Flame (This was not a tradition until the  1928 Olympic Games)Number of Athletes:  3,089 (2,954 men and 135 women)Number of Countries: 44Number of Events: 126 First Closing Ceremony Seeing the three flags raised at the end of the Olympics is one of the more memorable traditions of the Olympic Games and it started in 1924. The three flags are the official flag of the Olympic Games, the flag of the hosting country, and the flag of the country chosen to host the next Games. Paavo Nurmi Paavo Nurmi, the Flying Finn, dominated nearly all the running races at the 1924 Olympics. Often, called a superman, Nurmi won five gold medals at this Olympics, including in the 1,500-meter (set an Olympic record) and the 5,000-meter (set an Olympic record), which were only about an hour apart on that very hot July 10. Nurmi also won gold in the 10,000-meter cross-country run and as a member of the winning Finnish teams on the 3,000-meter relay and the 10,000-meter relay. Nurmi, known for keeping a very even pace (which he clocked on a stopwatch) and his seriousness, went on to win nine gold medals and three silver while competing in the 1920, 1924, and 1928 Olympics. Over his lifetime, he set 25 world records.   Remaining a popular figure in Finland, Nurmi was given the honor of lighting the Olympic flame at the 1952 Olympics in Helsinki and, from 1986 to 2002, appeared on the Finnish 10 markkaa banknote. Tarzan, the Swimmer Its pretty obvious that the public liked to see American swimmer Johnny Weissmuller with his shirt off. At the 1924 Olympics, Weissmuller won three gold medals: in the 100-meter freestyle, 400-meter freestyle, and the 4 x 200-meter relay. And a bronze medal as well as part of the water polo team.   Again at the 1928 Olympics, Weissmuller won two gold medals in swimming. However, what Johnny Weissmuller is most famous for is playing Tarzan in 12 different movies, made from 1932 to 1948. Chariots of Fire In 1981, the film Chariots of Fire  was released. Having one of the most recognizable theme songs in the history of film and winning four Academy Awards,  Chariots of Fire  told the story of two runners who raced during the 1924 Olympic Games. Scottish runner Eric Liddell was a focus of the film. Liddell, a devout Christian caused a stir when he refused to compete in any events held on a Sunday, which were some of his best events. That left only two events for him the 200-meter and 400-meter races, which he won bronze and gold in respectively. Interestingly, after the Olympics, he went back to North China to continue his familys missionary work, which ultimately led to his death in 1945 in a Japanese internment camp. Liddells Jewish teammate, Harold Abrahams was the other runner in the  Chariots of Fire  film. Abrahams, who had focused more on the long jump in the 1920 Olympics, decided to put his energy into training for the 100-meter dash. After hiring a professional coach, Sam Mussabini, and training hard, Abrahams won gold in the 100-meter sprint. A year later, Abrahams suffered a leg injury, ending his athletic career. Tennis The 1924 Olympics were the last to see tennis as an event until it was brought back in 1988.

Human Resource Planning and Recruitment strategies Essay

Human Resource Planning and Recruitment strategies - Essay Example The present global financial meltdown has created real and urgent human resource issues for organizations throughout the world. Everything seems to be shrouded in uncertainty. Employers are unsure of how events will play out in the near future, while employees sit tight, holding fast to the job on hand, not because they don't want better opportunities but because everything is in a stand still. KPMG is a global network of professional services firms providing Audit, Tax and Advisory services. The firm has a total of 137,000 outstanding professionals working together to deliver value in 144 countries worldwide. The realities created by the present global financial crisis are poles apart from what used to obtain when the global economic climate was good. Being a firm that recruits high flyers and top graduates, there was always a high turnover in manpower before the crisis began. People were leaving and coming in at a fast rate. This implied that HR was always on its feet and on the move. Consulting jobs from clients streamed in whether employees went out on marketing or not. The reputation of the company attracted new clients every day. Sometimes the firm had no option other than to reject jobs that are not value adding According to Vetter (1967, p15), Human Resources Planning is "the process by which management determines how the organization should move from its current manpower position to its desired position. Through planning, management strives to have the right number and the right kinds of people, at the right places, at the right time, doing things which result in both the organization and the individual receiving maximum long-run benefits". Writing in the American Psychologist, Jackson and Schuler (1990, pg 227) state that "traditionally human resource planning occurs within the context of the overall organizational plan and its strategic focus. It generally involves predicting, in the light of prevailing circumstances and past performance, the organization's future human resource needs and planning for those needs to be met". It includes establishing objectives and then developing and implementing programs (staffing, appraising, compensating, and training) to ensure that people are available with the appropriate characteristics and skills when and where the organization needs them. The biting economic climate has affected planning in several organizations. Now more than ever, there is uncertainty about the future and how things will

The Principles of Scientific Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Principles of Scientific Management - Essay Example However, the area of HRM is exceptionally complex and multilateral: there are many different theories and views on the nature, methods, and techniques of management described in the abundant organizational literature. Â  Since the emergence of organizational science in the late 19th - early 20th century, the scholars have been sharing two dominant views on organizational culture. Apologists of one paradigm led by Frederick Taylor and Harrington Emerson (School of Scientific Management) believed that organizational culture was just one of the tools to ensure greater control over employees. Representatives of another approach such as Elton Mayo, Abraham Maslow, and Douglas McGregor (Human relations school) postulated that organizational culture was supposed to develop and motivate the employees without excessively rigid control (Schultz & Shultz 2002). Although each of these major paradigms has contributed significantly to the development of contemporary HRM, they rely upon entirely different principles and assumptions. Â  The process of industrialization and sophistication of businesses that occurred during the last decade of the 19th century seriously changed the traditional managerial practices. Increasing the efficiency of labor became the key priority within the system of company-employee relationship. The concept of scientific management described by Frederick Taylor was the first systematic approach designed specifically to improve the labor efficiency of employees within the new system of work relationships (Taylor 1911). Taylor strongly believed that organizational culture was one of the most effective instruments to influence the employees and improve their performance and listed the most important elements of the ideal organizational culture. Â  Taylor believed that the most effective approach to managing human resources should not be different from the approach used to manage other elements of the production process. Consequently, the Taylorian model of management relied on the assumption that the average employee was lazy, ignorant, passive, and lacked the motivation to perform effectively.

Process Design (Operation Management) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Process Design (Operation Management) - Essay Example The approach aimed at delivery of high quality, unique and uniform mix of prepared foods in a clean environment and cheerful courtesy. It is a face-to-face kind of delivery but the employee never touches the product but only delivers to the customer (Khanna, 2007). In the self-service approach, the company involves customers in the production of services. This is done to improve the efficiency and quality of services provided by the institution. This enhances customer service delivery satisfaction and appreciation of the company’s services (Mottershead, & Woods, 2003). This kind of approach also reduces time taken in the delivery of services and allows the company to concentrate on effective and efficient delivery of services (Mottershead, & Woods, 2003). In the food service, customers can order for desired type of food through the company website and they can be delivered as per the customer requirements and on time. Customers can also pay for their specific orders online and file complaints to the company. Through this approach, the organization will be able to tackle addressed problems as well as enabling customer satisfaction(Mottershead, & Woods, 2003). Another method commonly used by companies is personal attention approach. This approach is aimed at developing a positive relationship between individual sales men and customers. A good example of this kind of approach is the kind of service offered in hotels (Khanna, 2007). This allows for customer loyalty in service delivery and to the company. Since employees contact the customers directly, service delivery is efficient (Khanna, 2007). It is also easier for the customers to express their dissatisfaction or gratitude to the organization. The employees also come familiar with the customers’ tastes and preferences and delivery of services will be efficient since they know what customers need. Hotels with this type of approach even go to the extent of sending birthday cards or

Ryanair business strategies and implications for Human Resources

Ryanair business strategies and implications for Human Resources This report covers the implications the business strategies proposed by BBAMBI consultants will have on the Human Resource Management (HRM) function of Ryanair. The strategies proposed by BBAMBI were to improve customer service, build the brand, and increase revenue and reduce costs. The implications these strategies have on the HRM function are managing the change associated with the strategies, training of customer facing staff, and introducing an effective performance appraisal system throughout the organisation. For Ryanair to maintain economic primacy in the budget airline sector they must be able to successfully manage the recommendations listed above. Introduction BBAMBI Consultants conducted an analysis of the external environment for Ryanair in order to consider strategies for future business operations. BBAMBI have suggested a number of strategies for immediate implementation and made recommendations for longer term strategies. The short term strategies included improving customer service, developing the company brand, and increasing revenue and reducing costs. The strategies which were more involved were recommended to be put into effect over a longer term were becoming more environmentally friendly and developing into other transport markets. The strategies have significant implications for Ryanairs Human Resource Management (HRM) function and this report will critically review these implications. The primary implications are change management, training, and implementing a more effective performance appraisal. Managing Change The report has identified some of the changes that will face Ryanair in the next few years due to the change in strategy. According to the CIPD, people management and development professionals have a significant role to play in any change management process. HRs involvement in various aspects of change can make the difference between successful and less successful projects (CIPD, 2009a). A number of issues have been addressed in the literature as having a negative impact on change management. Resistance to change is the main issue with individuals or groups possibly engaging in acts to block or disrupt an attempt to implement change. Evidence suggests that that this can be reduced by involving those it will affect in the decision making process. Individuals who have been involved in the diagnosis, planning, devising and implementation of change are more likely to feel positive about it (Marchington Wilkinson, 2008). 2.1 Lewins Three Step Model HR and management can plan for the changes at Ryanair by implementing Lewins three-step model of unfreezing, moving and re-freezing. By looking at change as a process with distinct stages the organisation can prepare and plan to manage the transition (Marchington Wilkinson, 2008). Lewins model attempts to analyse the forces (driving and restraining) that impact on change. The model offers advantages in planning for organisational change by providing a simple approach to making and sustaining change (McCarty, 2007). Limitations of the model are that it does not take into account personal factors that can affect change. The model also assumes that organisations operate in a stable environment (Burnes, 2004). (Millet, 2004) The first step in the process of changing behaviour is to unfreeze the existing situation or status quo. It is necessary for HR to try and overcome the strains of individual resistance and group conformity. To prepare employees at Ryanair for change, HR and management need to build a trust and recognition for the need for change (Kritsonis, 2004). The second step in the process is movement where employees will begin to resolve their uncertainly about the changes. A method that HR can use in assisting employees in the movement stage is to persuade employees that the status quo is not benefiting them (Kritsonis, 2004). The final step attempts to re-freeze or create acceptance for recent changes, to replace old beliefs with new ones. If this step is not taken it is likely that employees will revert back to the equilibrium (Goode, 2008). An action that HR can use to reinforce the new values is to include them in policies and procedures (Kritsonis, 2004). Training Development Ryanair needs to be able to improve customer satisfaction to gain a competitive advantage over their main competition, easyJet. Training of customer facing staff is vital for Ryanair to be able to successfully improve customer satisfaction, retention, and loyalty. Despite being costly, training of staff will improve upon customer satisfaction as many studies have shown (Aragon-Sanchez, et. al, 2003, pg. 961). Studies have found that the number of customer complaints significantly decreased after implementing training of customer service staff (Office Depot, 2006). In developing the training further, Ryanair should conduct a Training Needs Analysis (TNA) before implementing an on-the-job training and coaching programs for their customer facing staff. 3.1 Training Needs Analysis Learning Plan A TNA will assist Ryanair in determining any skills gaps their customer facing staff have in relation to their job requirements and current performance (Marchington Wilkinson, 2008). A TNA study will not only highlight where skills gaps exist, but should also determine the cause and solution (Stetar, 2005). During the TNA the organization should consider means other than training to achieve their desired results as many practitioners highlight that training is not necessary in every situation. (Marchington Wilkinson, 2008) (Stetar, 2005). Following on from the TNA report Ryanair should produce a learning plan, which will focus on the clear aims and main objectives which they are trying to achieve through the further training of staff. (Harrison, 2005,p122). For Ryanair the general aim is to improve customer service. A well planned training initiative may act as an enabler to Ryanair in achieving the business strategy and objective of increasing customer satisfaction (Tannenbaum Wo ods, 1992). 3.2 Training Ryanair need to pursue follow on training from their induction process. It has been noted from a previous study conducted by Kinnie (2000) that it is not just induction and technical training, but employees ongoing investment in workplace activities which enhances their training and skills (Kinnie, et. al, 2000 cited in Redman Wilkinson, 2009). It is believed that focusing on on the job training is the most effective means of training (Marchington Wilkinson, 2008). On the job training could also include coaching or mentoring. The CIPD (2009b) surveyed coaching within a variety of organisations and just over half described coaching as a learning and development intervention and the rest suggested it is used for organisational development and change management. Coaching has also been said to assist in improving weaknesses, tackling underperformance, and improving productivity. (Marchington Wilkinson, 2008). Despite training being an additional cost for Ryanair it may prove to achiev e enhanced customer service, leading to an increase in customers, and therefore higher profits, as many studies have shown that training of customer service staff results in higher customer satisfaction (Aragon-Sanchez, et. al, 2003, pg. 961). After the implementation of on-the-job training Ryanair will need to evaluate the effectiveness using the Kirkpatrick model of reaction, immediate, ultimate, and analyzing the return on investment (Marchington Wilkinson, 2008). The most applicable means of measurement for Ryanair is the ultimate level, which measures the strategic impact of training on the organization (Marchington Wilkinson, 2008). To measure the impact Ryanair should compare the number of previous customer complaints to the number of complaints after the training commenced. 3.3 Barriers to Learning There are however disadvantages to training and development from an organisational point of view. Some barriers to training include cost, time, lack of resources, lack of line manager support, lack of awareness of potential benefits and employee motivation, and fear of trained staff being poached by competing companies. (Cannell, 2008). Many companies compete on cost, just like Ryanair, and training is seen as an unjustifiable wastefulness and too costly (Bach Sisson, 2000). Therefore, Ryanair may be hesitant to implementing further training. Ryanair are a low cost, no frills airline and therefore need to keep all costs to a minimum. Furthermore, the fear of trained staff being poached could also be utilised as an excuse for Ryanair to not increase their training budget as trained staff might leave for a more lucrative competitor. Performance Appraisal 4.1 360 Degree Performance Appraisal It is suggested that all staff at Ryanair undergo 360 degree performance appraisal, with customer appraisal forming part of the 360 degree feedback for front-line staff. 360 degree feedback would allow the performance of those staff involved in each different strategy (customer service, branding, revenue and costs) to be monitored and managed more effectively. 360 degree feedback allows performance to be viewed from different perspectives and increases self-awareness (Armstrong Barron, 2004). Maybe et al (1998) state that one difficulty with 360 degree feedback is that the employee may attempt to manipulate the process, although this can be mitigated by expanding the number of people who are appraising the member of staff. Customer appraisal, in the form of mystery shopping and customer surveys, has been established as one of the ways to improve customer service in the strategic analysis and will expand the number of appraisers involved in the process. This report reinforces the value of the use of this technique and it is proposed that it is an extremely effective way to monitor the level of customer service provided as it is evaluated at the boundary between the Company and the customer (Redman Wilkinson, 2009). Mystery shopping has been criticised as a cynical way for employers to spy on their employees (Cramp, 1994). However, Erstad (1998) states that mystery shopping should instead be viewed as a well-elaborated plan which serves as a management tool for improving customer service as well as enhancing human resource management. A well developed mystery shopping programme that is effectively linked to reward and incorporates training can result in improvements in customer satisfaction by up to 20% (Parker, 1988). According to Dorman (1994), Mystery shopping should not be punitive and employees who fail the shopping task should be provided with training until customer service improves. The proposal suggests that customer service data should be obtained at set intervals through the use of customer surveys. Customer surveys can be effectively used as part of customer appraisal and are now being used more frequently (Redman Wilkinson, 2009). 4.2 Implementing Performance Appraisals Performance standards and objectives should be prepared and communicated by the employees line manager (ACAS, 2005). Marchington Wilkinson (2008) propose that training to develop analytical skills, review information collected and to provide effective feedback may be necessary. Performance appraisals should occur throughout the year and be a continuous process (ACAS, 2005). The performance appraisal process should be continually reviewed in order to ensure that it working successfully (IRS Employment Review, 2003). According to ACAS (2005) the success of implementing 360 feedback appraisals depends on the culture of the organisation and how carefully it is introduced. 5.0 Conclusion It is clear that the proposed business strategies will have significant impact on Ryanairs HRM function. In order for Ryanair to maintain its competitive advantage, the HR function will need to consolidate these factors and have the flexibility to meet the challenges they engender. In doing so, the HR function will shape the culture of the organisation in such a way that will allow the other changes to take effect. Ryanair need to effectively manage the change required in implementing the proposed business strategies as they will involve introducing further training and a new performance appraisal system. Introducing further training and new performance appraisals is vital in this shift in culture and the reciprocal relationship between both will lead to the opportunity for Ryanair to achieve the proposed business strategies of improving customer service, building the brand, and increasing revenue, and reducing costs.