Fan, Ying Branding the Nation What Is Being Branded Free Essays

Fan, Ying : Branding the country: What is being marked? Diary of Vacation Marketing Volume 12 Number 1. 2005 p. 4-13 Abstract: The paper by Fan clarifies what country marking is. We will compose a custom paper test on Fan, Ying : Branding the Nation: What Is Being Branded? or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now So first the distinction between Nation marking and Nation brand is clarified. Each Nation has a specific picture with or without Nation marking. It looks at the idea of country marking, concentrating particularly on the topic of what is being marked. The paper attempts to clarify what country marking is and attempts to clarify the contrasts between from one perspective country marking and item marking and then again country marking and item nation picture. Besides it talks about confusing issues of country marking and attempts to give a more extensive setting in which country marking can be applied. Be that as it may, to discover how country marking could help monetary advancement in a nation , more exploration is required. It is difficult to state how significant the job of country marking truly is. Catchphrases: ation marking, nation marking, nation of-cause impact, item nation picture, place showcasing The writer: The paper is composed by Ying Fan a senior instructor at Brunel Business School, Brunel University in London. Dr Fan has held personnel positions at the colleges of Lincoln, Hertfordshire and Durham. His exploration advantages encompass marking and showcasing interchanges, and culturally diverse administration issues . Subject: Branding the country: What is being marked? The significant subject of the paper is the thing that country marking is and what the reason for country marking is. Examination question : What is being marked? Is a country brand a different element, or a component in the item brand? What is the bearing of the connection between's nations that have delivered solid brands and those that are solid brands themselves ? Strategy : The exploration technique is an abstract investigation Material and Structure of the paper: On the primary page of his paper contact informations, informations on the creator including a photograph of Fan are given. An Abstract summarizes the Keywords and gives an outline over the article. All things considered the paper of Fan is 9 pages in length and is organized in the parts: Introduction What is Nation Branding? What is being marked? Country marking and item marking Nation brand picture and item nation picture Paradoxes The more extensive setting For a further understanding Fan gives 3 Tables: Terms utilized in the writing ; Examples of country marking where he gives 5 models and clarifies what is being marked and a table on Comparison between country marking and item marking . In his paper Fan makes backhanded references which are recorded in the references. Here the references are requested by appearance in the content not sequentially. The paper is anything but difficult to peruse and comprehend, it gives a decent diagram of the point country marking. The structure is anything but difficult to follow. The paper is secretly refereed. Finding of the article : The writer calls attention to that there is no single definition on country marking however gives a working definition for the paper: ‘Nation marking concerns applying marking and showcasing interchanges procedures to advance a nation’s picture. Country marking can be utilized in various manners: utilizing the nation’s picture to advance deals and fares ; place marking which is a piece of the travel industry showcasing ; political advertising for instance the articulation â€Å"axis of evil†; Nation marking in it’s genuine sense like Cool Britannia. The creator calls attention to that a country isn't an item in the ordinary sense . The Nation itself can barely be changed, the advantages are absolutely passionate, the Image is confounded and the possession is muddled. A country brand isn't fixated on a particular item, administration or cause that can be elevated straightforwardly to the client. Be that as it may, Nation marking concerns a nations entire picture, covering political, monetary, verifiable and social measurements. A Nation has not one but rather different pictures. What picture is recovered relies upon the crowd , the unique situation and the time. The creator discovers that negative national picture doesn't really influence the acquisition of items made by that nation, by giving the case of Japan and China. The creator attempts to discover the heading of the relationship between's nations that have delivered solid brands and those that are solid brands themselves . Country marking must be unmistakable and help the nation to situate itself against contenders . A trouble is that a worldwide crowd have an alternate level of information on a country and every nation has diverse social qualities, along these lines deciphers the message in an unexpected way. Country marking regularly attempt to convey a solitary picture or message to various crowds in various nations . This renders for the creator the message inane, however to attempt to be everything to all individuals will in the assessment of the creator definitely come up short . What is the message a country needs to send, surrender an old yet one of a kind picture for the new picture. This can bomb like for instance â€Å"Cool Britannia† did. Another trouble in country marking is that a national personality is hard to characterize. Moreover in country marking, a comprehension of the customers’ existing impression of the country is significant. A specific picture is made after some time. Another significant part of country marking is the inward crowd. The creator calls attention to that Nation marking is only one piece of a promoting technique which is a piece of the business system and that frequently country marking is overestimated regardless of whether it is an incredible asset. It is for instance not adequate for the nation to elevate its picture eagerly to different countries if the monetary reason for the country brand isn't there or the political circumstance is flimsy. The picture issue of a district or country regularly results from political and financial difficulties which must be explained, country marking won't take care of a country’s issues yet just fills in as the last touch . Step by step instructions to refer to Fan, Ying : Branding the Nation: What Is Being Branded?, Papers

Latter, not Ladder

Last mentioned, not Ladder Last mentioned, not Ladder Last mentioned, not Ladder By Maeve Maddox Andrew Chatwin inquires: Last mentioned and Ladder, how are they unique? One distinction is that of articulation: last [läÆ'té™r] ladder[läÆ'dé™r] In common discourse, be that as it may, the contrast between the t and d sounds is frequently hard to recognize. Evidently different speakers are astounded by the word last mentioned. Heres an inquiry posed and replied at Yahoo Answers: For what reason do individuals utilize the expression I pick the stepping stool subsequent to looking at two choices or decisions? What's more, heres the most intelligent answer as picked by voters: Goodness a great many people who state that are opportunists and they need to get to the top. In the articulation that alludes to settling on a decision between two alternatives, the word is last mentioned, not stepping stool. The primary choice is known as the previous: Father gave us our decision of the blue Mustang or the red Corvette. I picked the previous and Charlie picked the last mentioned. The word last originates from the near type of Old English laet: laetra, and implied more slow. It assumed the significance of second of two during the 1550s. Current later came, well, later. (It likewise originates from OE laet.) The most common utilization of last is to allude to the second of two referenced things: He was offered the piece of either Othello or Iago: he picked the last mentioned. Mormons consider their congregation the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints since they consider themselves to be later devotees of Jesus Christ; the previous day holy people were the primary century Christians. The last days is an eschatological expression utilized by some Christian factions to allude to the days going before the second happening to Christ. One can likewise allude to a people last years, i.e., mature age. Here are a few instances of last used to mean the later piece of life: Men living longer however spend last years wiped out Remaining fit as a fiddle in Your Latter Years Stepping stool, as a thing, typically implies a compact gadget with rungs or steps that empowers one to ascend or down. The word stepping stool can likewise allude to a tear or a penetrate in texture that takes after a stepping stool, having straight sides and crosspieces: When the basic bond at the break tip has broken, the pinnacle pressure fixation is moved to the following bond, etc, similar to a stepping stool in a silk loading. Metaphorically, stepping stool is utilized to allude to the means of excelling socially or expertly: A consistent ascent up the legitimate stepping stool brought him into the business law field †¦ He sits, despondent and pleased, on the stepping stool of social advancement having lost the hang on one kind of life, however neglecting to arrive at the one which he yearns for. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Misused Words classification, check our famous posts, or pick a related post below:100 Mostly Small But Expressive InterjectionsUsed To versus Use ToEspecially versus Uncommonly

What would you like me to write about

What would you like me to write about Hey everyone! I know college application season is busy, so I’m here to answer any questions that you may have about my experience at Illinois so far. Comment below if there’s any specific topic you’d like me to cover, and I’ll do my best to respond to everyone. Look forward to hearing from you! Ria Ria Class of 2018 I'm studying both Finance and Information Systems and Information Technology in the Gies College of Business. I’m from Los Altos, California.

What would you like me to write about

What would you like me to write about Hey everyone! I know college application season is busy, so I’m here to answer any questions that you may have about my experience at Illinois so far. Comment below if there’s any specific topic you’d like me to cover, and I’ll do my best to respond to everyone. Look forward to hearing from you! Ria Ria Class of 2018 I'm studying both Finance and Information Systems and Information Technology in the Gies College of Business. I’m from Los Altos, California.

Definition and Examples of Backronyms in English

Russian Revolution Essay - 1711 Words

Russia had been an autocratic government for 300 years under the Romanov Dynasty before the revolution of 1917. When problems started in the early 1900’s most people were serfs that had been freed about 20 years before. In 1914 during World War One, Czar Nicholas II decided to stay in war with Germany despite what the rest of his country thought. Nicholas posed a distraction from the countries problems. His plan was to keep his soldiers minds off of the horrible living conditions of Russia by staying in war with Germany and starting a war with Japan in hope that he would lead his country to a victory; both wars were lost, giving Russian citizens more to be upset about. Russia’s Army was extremely weak, made mainly of peasants, and the cost†¦show more content†¦Marxists would later turn into the communist party. The czar was completed unaware of this discontent until people came to his winter palace to protest, many were killed by the czars soldiers. He created the idea of a parliament, called a Duma, people could vote for the members of this committee. The country had calmed down a little bit after this addition to the government. A few months later, Germany declared war on Russian. With a withered army, Russia suffered a hard loss. Some soldiers for the Russians were so angry with the czar that they switched sides, and fought with the Germans. Nicholas was still oblivious to the threat over his reign. He received a letter from a member of the Duma complaining about the horrible state of the country, but Nicholas thought nothing of it. The czar realized how serious the letter was when everyone in the streets was angry with him. Wanting to keep his life, he abdicated. Nicholas offered the throne to his brother. An intelligent man, he declined the offer. After this, the provisional government took over, with Alexander Kerensky as the prime minister. One of his policies allowed radicals, like Vladimir Lenin to re-enter the country. When Leni n returned to Russia, he organized a group of people, the Marxists, changed their name to the Bolsheviks, and made them into a giant force of communists. Upset with their living conditions, many Russians agreed toShow MoreRelatedThe Russian Revolution Of 19171946 Words   |  8 Pages The Russian Revolution of 1917 set the country on a course that few other countries took in the 20th century. The shift from the direction of a democratic, parliamentary-style government to a one party communist rule was a drastic change that many did not and could not predict. Looking back on this key moment in Russian history, many historians ask the question ‘why did the political power in Russia shift to the Bolsheviks’? Since the revolution in 1905 Russia was becoming progressively more democraticRead MoreThe Russian Revolution And The Revolution1844 Words   |  8 PagesIn 1917 a great revolution would collapse Russia’s monarchy and extend the color of red throughout the wor ld. During this time, Leon Trotsky and Vladimir Lenin were instrumental in causing the grand collapse of the Russian government and the reformation into a communist state. The Russian revolution changed the world when it happened and I believe it changed the people of Europe after it occurred. The Russian Revolution actually has two important parts to it the February Revolution (March 1917) andRead MoreThe Russian Revolution Of 19171109 Words   |  5 Pagessole cause of the Russian Revolution of 1917. Even before the outbreak of war, the Russian population were largely dissatisfied with the government under the Tsarist regime. Though the Great War played a role in sparking the Russian Revolution, with much of the unstable faith in the Tsar collapsing in Military Russia, it would be naà ¯ve to discredit the mounting economic and social pressures that contributed to the fall of the Tsarist Regime, and the beginning of the Revolution. Leading up to theRead MoreThe Russian Revolution Of 19171646 Words   |  7 PagesThe Russian Revolution of 1917 brought with it the fall of 300 years of Romanov rule and marked the beginning of the transition of Tsarism to Communism, from which Lenin established the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, succeeded by Stalin. The Revolution is worthy of investigation as it is arguably the most significant event of the 20th century, considering that it helped shape many other subsequent events such as the Second World War and the Cold War. The Bolsheviks’ triumph can be accountedRead MoreThe Russian Revolution Of 19171294 Words   |  6 Pagesliving in discord presumably through political oppression, furthermore, political oppression inspires violence and terrorism. It affects daily residents because they’re under control of whoever is in charge. Terrorism tears people apart. The Russian Revolution in 1917 started because of the political oppression and ended in a dictat orship because humans are power hungry. It also continues to leave citizens with anxiety and stress and they can’t trust any leaders. Political oppression affects dailyRead MoreThe Russian Revolution And The Revolution1767 Words   |  8 PagesThe Russian Revolution was a series of two revolutions that consisted of the February Revolution and the October Revolution. The February Revolution of March 8th, 1917 was a revolution targeted and successfully removed Czar Nicholas II from power. The February Revolution first began to take place when strikes and public protests between 1916 and early 1917 started occurring. These strikes were created to protest against and to blame Czar Nicholas II for Russia’s poor performance in WWI and severeRead MoreThe Russian Revolution Of Russia1823 Words   |  8 Pageshowever large-scale public riots didn t appear. During the year of 1905, the situation changed. People’s discontent has been accumulated to a critical point; the Tsar’s status seemed to be overturned. What led the Russian people, which was passive and cowardice, started Russian revolution in 190 5? Long term inducement ï  ¬ Leadership Since 1613, Russia was ruled by the monarchy, in which only Tsar monopolizes power. Unlike the western democratic societies, there is no legislative constitution whichRead MoreThe Russian Revolution Of 19052394 Words   |  10 Pages The Russian Revolution of 1905 comes as the late tsarism period. Some of the major causes to the Russian revolution were caused by long-term and short-term effects. Some of these major effects were Russia s rapid industrialization and modernization which had inherent problems. The rise of capitalism led to an increase of inequality between the classes. In addition, the mistakes of the Russo-Japanese war emerged upon the boundaries of the Russian political climate. These series of revolutionaryRead MoreThe Russian Revolution Essay2054 Words   |  9 PagesThe Russian Revolution Here are some of the causes of the Russian Revolution in March 1917: ~Failures in the War ~The mutiny in the Army ~The Tsarina and Rasputin ~Food Shortages ~Strikes PREFACE: In 1904 The Tsar of Russia (Nicholas II) embarked on a war with Japan, hoping for a quick and glorious victory that would unite the country, decrease support for the Tsars opponents and gain control over Korea and Manchuria. Unfortunately for the Tsar, the Japanese were wellRead MoreCauses Of The Russian Revolution897 Words   |  4 PagesBetina Velasco Mr. Lira MWH, 6th period October 26, 2014 Causes of the Russian Revolution For three centuries before the revolution, life in Russia was not peaceful. It was cold, hard, and bitter instead. â€Å"The end of serfdom was a major event in Russia; yet it just wasn t enough.†, in 1861. Serfdom, under feudalism, is the the status of peasants in which they are bound to a lord, or master, works on their land, and can be sold like property

Buddhist Religious Traditions Sacred Elements and Meanings Free Essays

Buddhism, as a religion, has a set of beliefs and practices. Although there are many doctrinal divisions, also known as Buddhist schools, there are several concepts common to them. These sacred elements characterize Buddhist religious traditions as a whole: Gautama Buddha All Buddhist schools accept the Buddha as their teacher and founder of Buddhism. We will write a custom essay sample on Buddhist Religious Traditions: Sacred Elements and Meanings or any similar topic only for you Order Now Siddhartha Gautama is generally recognized as the Supreme Buddha and his teachings are considered sacred. Middle Way, Dependent Origination, Four Noble Truths, and Noble Eightfold Path These are practices common to all Buddhist schools. The Middle Way (also Middle Path) is their practice of non-extremism which means â€Å"moderation away from extremes of sensual indulgence and self-mortification and toward the practice of wisdom, morality and mental cultivation. † The doctrine of Dependent Origination (also Dependent Arising) states that phenomena arise together as part of a gigantic web of cause and effect. The most fundamental teachings in Buddhism are the Four Noble Truths. These are: The Nature of Suffering (Dukkha), Suffering’s Origin (Samudaya), Suffering’s Cessation (Nirodha), and The Way Leading to the Cessation of Suffering (Marga). The noble eightfold path is the way to cessation of suffering and achievement of self-awakening. Nirvana Buddhist religious traditions all point their life to buddhahood, which is considered to be the highest attainment as a Buddhist. Nirvana, which literally means â€Å"to cease blowing†, is used by Buddhists, particularly Theravadins, to describe the enlightenment and liberation of Gautama Buddha. References: â€Å"An Introduction to Buddhism. † Retrieved June 24, 2008, from http://webspace. ship. edu/cgboer/buddhaintro. html â€Å"Essentials of Buddhism: Core Concepts. † Retrieved June 24, 2008, from http://www. buddhaweb. org/ â€Å"The Religion of Buddhism. † Retrieved June 24, 2008, from http://www. religioustolerance. org/buddhism. htm How to cite Buddhist Religious Traditions: Sacred Elements and Meanings, Papers

ergogenic aids Essay Example For Students

ergogenic aids Essay 1 . An ergogenic aid is any external influences that can positively affect physical or mental performance. 2. In 1968 the international Olympic committee began Olympic drug testing for stimulants because of the many deaths that have occurred among athletes due to drug use. 3. U. S physician John Ziegler developed the anabolic steroid Dianabol as an alternative to testosterone and to also level the playing field for western athletes. 4. Both men and women put themselves at high risk of heart attack, stroke, liver tumor, and depression when using steroids. Possible side effects for men ho use steroids are accelerated male-pattern baldness, decreased sex drive, reduced sperm counts, breast development and testicle shrinking. Possible side effects for women who use steroids are clitoris enlargement, menstrual cycle changes, Deepened voice, Breast reduction, Male-pattern baldness and Facial hair. 5. Anabolic steroids are ergogenic because they are used to have similar effects as testosterone in the body to increase muscle mass and strength therefore enhancing performance. 6. Caffeine is ergogenic because it has been shown to increase endurance. Caffeine increases plasma free fatty acid levels and muscle triglyceride se, while sparing muscle glycogen use early in exercise caffeine improves focus and technical skill during and after strenuous activity or fatigue Caffeine is believed to enhance fat utilization in the body and has also been shown to effectively increase time to exhaustion during endurance activities, as well as sprint, power and strength performance. 7. Yes creatine is an ergogenic aid because it is an external substance that improves physical performance. By increasing resting levels of creatine phosphate it is to regenerate more ATP and sustain a high power output, thus delaying fatigue and improving performance 8. Other ergogenic substances are: Avena sativa has been shown to increase testosterone levels by enhancing LH levels. A study show men experienced increased sex drive, enhanced erections and more pleasure during sex when taking avena sativa. It can also be found in many body building formulas. Geranium extract is a notably powerful stimulant with the ability to increase energy, and suppress appetite leading to its widespread introduction into a lot of different fat loss products. Cocaine is a narcotic that stimulates the central nervous system and, delays fatigue. Phenyl ethylamine is a powerful central nervous timulant used widely as an aid to suppress appetite and increase energy before workouts. Tyrosine is an amino acid which is of particular interest to those using other sports supplements designed to enhance energy. The use of Tyrosine with stimulants such as caffeine, is a cheap and effective way to increase exercise performance in short duration, anaerobic activities such as weightlifting. In the context of sport, an ergogenic aid can be broadly defined as a technique or substance used for the purpose of enhancing performance. Ergogenic aids have from use of accepted techniques such as carbohydrate loading to illegal and unsafe pproaches such as anabolic-androgenic steroid use. The efficacy of many of these techniques is controversial, whereas the harmful side effects are clear. The most commonly recognized form of ergogenic aids are dietary supplements, which is a multi-billion dollar industry that targets a wide range of populations. Some surveys have indicated that approximately 50% of the general population, 76% of college athletes, and 100% of bodybuilders take supplements to enhance performance. Most nutritional aids can be categorized as a potential energy source, an anabolic enhancer, a cellular component, or a recovery aid. Studies have consistently shown that carbohydrates, proteins and other nutritional aids consumed immediately before or after exercise enhance performance by increasing glycogen storage and delaying fatigue. However some of the products on the market generally have very little scientific evidence supporting the validity of claims and they do not have to prove a supplements safety, effectiveness, or potency before placing a product on the market. Pharmacological aids include performance enhancing drugs, both illegal and legal including but not limited to Erythropoietin, beta blockers, antihistamines, rowth hormones, anabolic-androgenic steroids, caffeine and amphetamines. Reaction to Tuesdays with Morrie EssayRT inhibitors are also effective when used with a new class of anti-HIV drugs known as protease inhibitors, approved by the FDA in December 1995. Protease inhibitors work by crippling a key viral enzyme called protease, which is vital to the reproduction of HIV in the later stages of its replication cycle.After HIV replicatesthat is, makes copies of its own protein componentsthese proteins must be cut to specific sizes before they can assemble into a mature virus. Protease is responsible for trimming the new HIV proteins to their required dimensions. When protease is blockedor inhibitedthe proteins are not cut andthe defective HIV cannot infect new cells. The first protease inhibitor drug, saquinavir (Invirase), was approved for use in combination with nucleoside drugs such as AZT. In March 1996 two additional drugs, ritonavir (Norvir) and indinavir (Crivaxin), were rapidly approved for use alone or in combination with nucleosides. A fourth dru g, nelfinavir (Viracept), was approved by the FDA in March 1997 for both adult and child use. Ritonavir, formerly allowed for adult use only, was also approved for adult and child use. Preliminary results from four American and European studies indicate that these drugs cause dramatic increases in the number of CD4 T-cells and decreases in the amount of virus in the blood. These results are about two to three times more powerful than those seen with the nucleoside drugs. Researchers cautioned that new studies show also that HIV can quickly develop resistance to these new drugs, at least when they are used alone. However, researchers suspect that the resistance can be delayed when the agents are combined with other anti-HIV drugsfor example, the nucleosides. In fact, the most effective treatment against HIV is now considered to be a combination of three drugs taken togethertwo nucleoside RT inhibitors and one protease inhibitor. Although these drug combinations may cause severe side effects (such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and anemia), when taken properly they can reduce blood levels of the virus to undetectable levels. Each drug must be taken according to specific guidelines, however, and one missed dose can allow the virus to quickly mutate to a strain that resists the drugs. These drug combinations can also consist of two nucleoside RT inhibitors and one non-nucleoside RT inhibitor, a new class of anti-HIV drug first recommended for approval by the FDA in June 1996. These drugs work similarly to nucleoside RT inhibitors in that they bind to the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme. However, they do not compete with other nucleosides for binding sites. The first drug of this type to be developed was nevirapine (Viramune), which was appproved by the FDA in April 1997. A second non-nucleoside RT inhibitor, delavirdine (Rescriptin), is currently available only in test settings. Both drugs are effective only when taken with nucleoside RT inhibitors; they should not be used with protease inhibitors. No matter which drug combination is administered, researchers believe that the earlier a patient is treated for HIV, the greater the chance that the treatment will be effective. The development of antiviral therapies for HIV is complex, and each new approach and drug must be extensively evaluated for safety and effectiveness. The general perception that this evaluation process causes unnecessary delays in providing therapies spurred public demonstrations against the FDA. These demonstrations have resulted in policy changes that make experimental drugs and approaches more readily available to people with AIDS, even before the drugs or approaches are approved. Although early availability of a drug entails the risk that it may be used in people before its toxicity and side effects are fully understood, many people with AIDS are willing to take this risk with the hope that the drug may prove effective. Effective drug treatments are available to fight many AIDS-associated opportunistic in fections, and these treatments have provided clinical benefit and prolonged survival for individuals with AIDS. Recent drug treatments for PCP have dramatically decreased illness and death due to this opportunistic infection. Antifungal drugs such as amphotericin B and fluconazole are effective against AIDS-related fungal infections. The antiherpes drugs ganciclovir and foscarnet are used to treat CMV retinitis and other herpes diseases. Because these therapies require medical supervision and are often needed on an extended basis, a network of community hospices (see Hospital) has been established to provide low-cost outpatient care for individuals with AIDS. Some hospices provide shelter and compassionate support for people living with AIDS. Gene therapy, an approach that involves altering the genes of the infected person to help prevent the virus from spreading to uninfected cells, might someday be used to treat HIV infection. Gene therapy has been used in clinical trials to inhib it HIV by introducing into cells a new gene that interferes with the viral regulatory proteins. In other trials, gene therapy has been used to introduce a new gene that protects the cells from becoming infected by HIV. Efforts also are under way to develop an effective immunization that could be either protective, preventing infection if an immunized person is exposed to HIV, or therapeutic, prolonging survival or decreasing immune destruction in people already infected with HIV. The World Health Organization (WHO) is currently sponsoring a large-scale trial of a protective-vaccine candidate in areas of the world where the rate of HIV infection is just beginning to rise dramatically. In 1998 the FDA approved the first large-scale trial of an AIDS vaccine in uninfected volunteers. The vaccine, made from the viral protein gp120, is designed to stimulate the production of antibodies that could protect against HIV infection. The vaccine is being tested for safety and effectiveness in Thailand and North America. With the discovery in 1996 that HIV must bind to chemokine receptors as well as CD4 molecules, researchers also began to develop laboratory chemokines that might block HIV from attaching to these receptors and casing infection. Individuals who lack CCR5 receptors due to a genetic defect appear to be protected from contracting the disease. IXPREVENTION EFFORTS Because there is as yet no successful vaccination against HIV, prevention efforts have focused mainly on educating the public about routes of HIV transmission and about personal measures that reduce the risk of infection. The CDC has established the National AIDS Clearinghouse, a hotline to disseminate educational literature and current statistics on AIDS. Safe-sex campaigns encourage sexual abstinence or monogamy (sexual relations with only one partner) and the use of latex condoms to provide a protective barrier during sexual intercourse (see Birth Control). Needle-exchange programs have been implemented to reduce needle sharing and consequent HIV transmission among IV drug abusers. The U.S. government has set strict guidelines for health-care settings, including use of protective clothing and proper instrument disposal, to decrease the risk of transmission to both the patient and the health care provider. On a national scale, screening of the blood supply has greatly reduced the risk of contracting HIV from blood products. However, with the exception of blood screening, these prevention programs have had only limited success. XSOCIAL ISSUES Many people consider HIV infection and AIDS to be completely preventable because the routes of HIV transmission are so well known. To completely prevent transmission, however, dramatic changes in sexual behavior and drug dependence would have to occur throughout the world. Furthermore, prevention efforts that promote sexual awareness through open discussion and condom distribution in public schools have been opposed because of the fear that these efforts may encourage sexual activity. Similarly, needle exchange programs have been criticized as promoting drug abuse. Prevention programs that identify HIV-infected individuals and notify their sexual partners, as well as programs that promote HIV testing at the time of marriage or pregnancy, have been criticized for invading personal privacy. Efforts aimed at public awareness have been propelled by community-based organizations such as Project Inform and Act-Up, which provide current information to HIV-infected individuals and to individuals at risk for infection. Public figures and celebrities who are themselves HIV infected or who have died from AIDSincluding American basketball player Magic Johnson, American actor Rock Hudson, American diver Greg Louganis, and American tennis player Arthur Ashehave personalized the disease of AIDS and thereby helped society come to terms with the enormity of the epidemic. As a memorial to people who have died from AIDS, especially in the early years of the epidemic, friends and families of AIDS victims stitched together a giant quilt in which each panel of the quilt was dedicated to the memory of an individual who died from AIDS. This quilt has traveled on display from community to community to promote AIDS awareness. The U.S. government has also attempted to assist HIV-infected individuals through legislation and additional community-funding measures. In 1990 HIV-infected people were included in the Americans with Disabilities Act, making discrimination against p eople with AIDS for jobs, housing, and other social benefits illegal. Additionally, the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act established a community-funding program designed to assist in the daily lives of people living with AIDS. This congressional act was named in memory of a young man who contracted HIV through blood products and became a public figure for his courage in fighting the disease and community prejudice. The act is still in place, although continued funding for such social programs is threatened by opposition in the U.S. Congress. The lack of effective vaccines and antiviral drugs for AIDS has spurred speculation that the funding for AIDS research is insufficient. Although the actual amount of government funding for AIDS research is large, most of these funds are used for expensive clinical studies to evaluate new drugs. Many scientists believe that not enough is known about the basic biology of HIV and recommend shifting the emphasis of AIDS research to basic research that could ultimately result in more effective medicines. Words/ Pages : 5,149 / 24

Assessment on Drinking and Bathing Water in Sabah

List of Greek Words in the English Language

List of Greek Words in the English Language List of Greek Words in the English Language List of Greek Words in the English Language By Michael After French, Latin and Viking (and Old English of course, but that is English), the Greek language has contributed more words to modern English than any other perhaps 5%. Many Greek words sprang from Greek mythology and history. Knowing those subjects was evidence that a person was educated, so dropping a reference to Greek literature was encouraged even into the 20th century. From Greek mythology, we get words such as atlas, chaos, chronological, erotic, herculean, hypnotic, muse, nectar, promethean, and even cloth. But most Greek-origin words in English did not come straight from ancient Greek. Many are modern, not ancient, combinations of Greek root words. For example, you probably know the telephone was not used by the ancient Greeks. But the word itself is all Greek, made up of the Greek words for distant and sound. Besides tele and phon, common Greek roots include anti, arch, auto, bio, centro, chromo, cyclo, demo, dys, eu, graph, hydro, hypo, hyper, logo, macro, mega, meta, micro, mono, paleo, para, philo, photo, poly, pro, pseudo, psycho, pyro, techno, thermo and zoo. Among others. Comparing the original and the modern meanings of Greek words that became English words sometimes shows not only how much language has changed, but how much culture has changed. idiot Someone of very low intelligence. For the ancient Greeks, an idiot was a private citizen, a person not involved in civil government or politics. Related: idiosyncracy, idiom, and other individualistic words. metropolis The Greek roots of this word are â€Å"mother† and â€Å"city. Socrates, convicted in court of corrupting the youth with his philosophy, was given a choice between drinking poison or exile from his mother city of Athens. He chose poison because he wasnt an idiot, in the ancient sense. If you chose exile, you might be an idiot in the ancient sense, but you would be a live idiot. acrobat This circus performer who demonstrates feats of physical agility by climbing to the very top of the rope gets his name from the Greek words high and walk, with the sense of rope dancer and tip-toe. bacterium From a Greek word that means stick because under a microscope (another Greek word), some bacteria look like sticks. cemetery The Greek word koimeterion meant sleeping place, dormitory. Early Christian writers adopted the word for burial ground, and thats why college students stay in the dormitory and not in the cemetery. dinosaur You may have heard this one before. Our word for these ancient reptiles is a modern (1841) combination of the Greek words for terrible and lizard. hippopotamus The ancient Greeks called this large, moist African animal a hippopà ³tamos, from the words for â€Å"horse† and â€Å"river.† In other words, river horse. rhinoceros Continuing our African theme, this large, dry African animal is named after the Greek words for nose and horn. Horns usually dont grow on noses. history The Greek word historà ­a meant inquiry, record, narrative. dialogue A monologue has one speaker, but a dialogue doesnt necessarily have two speakers (that would be a di-logue, but theres no such word). Dialogue comes from Greek words that mean across-talk, and more than two people can do that if they take turns. economy The Greek word for â€Å"household administration† has been expanded to mean the management of money, goods, and services for an entire community or nation. But economical still refers to personal thrift. metaphor In ancient times, this word meant â€Å"transfer† or â€Å"carrying over.† When my grandfather called my grandmother a peach, metaphorically speaking, he used a figure of speech that transferred the sweetness of the fruit to his sweet wife. planet The ancient Greeks get blamed for everything wrong with astronomy before the Renaissance, but they were astute enough to notice that while most stars stood still, some wandered from year to year. The word planet comes from the Greek word for wandering. schizophrenia People with this mental disorder have been described as having a split personality, and the name comes from Greek words for split and mind. Symptoms may include hallucinations, delusions, or disorganized speech. technology This word was not limited to industry or science until the mid-19th century, during the Industrial Revolution. Originally it referred to technique (same Greek root) or the systematic study of an art or craft – the art of grammar, at first, and later the fine arts. grammatical Speaking of grammar, the Ancient Greek word grammatike meant â€Å"skilled in writing.† Now it means correct in writing. syntax A combination of Ancient Greek words that mean â€Å"together† and â€Å"arrangement.† Syntax is how words are arranged together. sarcasm Though it was used to describe bitter sneering, the Greek word sarkazein literally meant to cut off flesh, which you might feel has happened to you when subjected to cutting sarcasm or critical humor. sycophant Not a word that Ive ever used, but you might like it. It means servile, self-seeking flatterer. In ancient Greek, it meant one who shows the fig. That referred to an insulting hand gesture that respectable Greek politicians wouldnt use against their opponents, but whose shameless followers could be encouraged to do so. telescope Another all-Greek word that wasnt invented by the Greeks, but perhaps by the Dutch around 1600. Its roots mean far-seeing and Galileo Galilei was one of the first astronomers to use a telescope to see faraway things. As you can see, Greek is deeply woven into modern English. To prove it, in the late 1950s, Greek economist Xenophon Zolotas gave two speeches in English, but using only Greek words, except for articles and prepositions. The results were rather high-sounding, but mostly comprehensible. As you become more familiar with Greek words, English will be easier to understand. And probably, more colorful. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Capitalize Animal and Plant NamesUse a Dash for Number RangesWhat is an Anagram?

Inventory Management for Green Valley Bakers Research Paper - 1

Inventory Management for Green Valley Bakers - Research Paper Example This essay explores the processes of baking bread. Bread making is a relatively simple process but it takes some time to master. Grain, water and baker’s yeast remain the basic ingredients. Bran, germ, and endosperm are ground together to bake the coarser variety of bread, while the bran and wheat germ are removed to make softer bread of the industrial variety. Although nutrition experts advise that brand and wheat germ bread are better for health, their lack of palatability is a factor that prevents widespread demand and use. White flour bread may be enriched with minerals and vitamins and fortified with calcium and fiber to improve its nutritional value. All in all, it is a staple part of the American diet and is a good source of low fat, complex carbohydrates. Salt, sugar, raisins, honey or nuts can be included in the mixture to produce bread of different varieties and tastes. Bread is today seen not only as a breakfast item but also serves for making sandwiches or eating w ith salads or curries at lunch. It also goes well with tea and jams and can supplement biscuits and pastries at tea. As for dinner, bread is an indispensable part of the meal unless rice or cooked meats are available. For making industrial bread on a large scale as Green Valley Bakers envisage, flour that has been sifted is poured into a mixer of the industrial variety; then it is filled with tempered water. A certain amount of yeast is added.

Help Desk Institute to Professional Knowledge and Development Research Paper

Help Desk Institute to Professional Knowledge and Development - Research Paper Example The first section gives an overview of HDI - what it does and its role in the technical support industry. The next section gives an explanation of the contributions of HDI towards increasing the professional knowledge and abilities of its members. This paper concludes with a discussion on how the knowledge and skills acquired from HDI can have a significant impact on my chosen career path. At the core of HDI’s creation is the desire to help individuals in the IT service and support profession improve their practices and increase work efficiency. As expressed in its mission statement, HDI aims to â€Å"lead and promote support professionals by empowering members through access to timely and valuable industry information, encouraging member collaboration, establishing open standards and providing globally recognized certification and training programs† (Migliazza, 2008, para. 1). HDI, therefore, provides a venue for technical support and service professionals to come together and discuss the prevalent issues and problems in the help desk, as well as share best practices in an effort to find solutions to these problems. HDI also has a wealth of information from reports, research and articles from experts that provide relevant and up-to-date data about the latest trends in help desk services, as well as benchmarking tools. Each year, HDI gathers experts and leaders in the field of technical support and service during its annual conference and expo in a spirit of learning and participation. Furthermore, HDI offers standards-based training and certification programs that are internationally recognized. As pointed out by Baschab and Piot (2007), â€Å"sponsoring help desk staff for HDI certification is a worthwhile investment in their productivity, and sends a clear message to the team about the major importance of their role in the IT department† (p. 276).  Training and certifications will propel me to advance in my career path in the technical support and service field.   Of course, there is undoubtedly a wealth of insights gathered from my work experience.   The theoretical knowledge will put these insights in context, strengthening its validity and allowing me to innovate as I learn more about the theory behind the practice.   Training also prepares me to deal with multiple clients from various fields with different bac kgrounds, an important tool in this profession.   Becoming a member of HDI membership will help me keep abreast with the latest developments in the help desk profession.   Having a venue for discussion and collaboration with other professionals will allow me to contribute to the improvement of the profession.

Integrated Marketing Communication of Dove company

Integrated Marketing Communication of Dove company In the early 40s Dove shaped the formula for the future Dove bar, the brands first mild soap. It is then refined into the Dove Beauty Bar. In 1957, the product is launched onto the market. The latter meets a quick success and is rapidly recommended by skin specialist. Thanks to its inner qualities, the soap sales helped Dove to become a leading brand on the cosmetics market. In 1990, Dove launches its Beauty Wash Cream. Since then, Dove has not stopped in extending the range of its products, including for men. Traditional Target Market: Broadly target segment is women between 16 and 50 years old. Core target is working women between 25 and 40 years old. They generally come from middle and upper-class. What is very important is that they should be from all shapes and sizes. We will go through this point further in this document (cf. Real Beauty Campaign). Competition: Although Dove is a leader on its niche market, the brand faces direct (Olay, Palmolive, Safeguard, Garnier, Belo, Likas, Silka) and indirect competition (Body wash, 3 in 1 soaps and so on). A very important strength related to Dove is that the brand benefits from Unilever huge distribution network. Dove outsells all other skin care bars. For instance, over one billion showers are taken using Dove products in the US each year. As a consequence, Dove has become number one in beauty soap niche. Main Channels of Communication: Website Video (You Tube, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) TV commercials Social networks (Facebook, Twitter) Billboards Dove Global Strategy Evolution: An Overview Before: Worlds largest producer but no unified global identity Brands managed in a decentralized fashion Years of slow performance Lack of sound corporate strategy Numerous low-volume brands Small global presence compared to competition Mediocre performance in emerging markets NOW FUTURE PLANS: Reduce portfolio to 400 core brands Path to Growth initiative Concentrate on product innovation to fuel internal growth An initiative to create an overall umbrella across all Unilevers brands Path to Growth Initiative: a five-year strategic program Go from 1600 to 400 brands Select Masterbrands, mandated to serve as umbrella identities over a range of product forms Develop a global brand unit for each Masterbrand. Simply put, marketing strategys main objective is based on the following: Bring top of mind awareness through every adapted channel. In a world of hype and stereotypes, Dove provides a refreshingly real alternative for women who recognise that beauty comes in all shapes and sizes .UNILEVER website Marketing Strategy Plans: A focus Continuously evolving the campaign Effective advertising Cross-selling possibilities Strong emotional touch Unconventional communication strategy Risks In The Future: A brand for fat girls Undermining the aspiration of consumers The objectification of women and the risk of being rejected by feminists Copy by the competitors Sustainability of campaigns in the long term Risk of exposure in social medias ******************************************************** DOVE Brand Positioning, Brand Concept Brand Extension Dove Soap Brand Positioning Soft, caring mild soap Brand Concept Makes women realize the beauty in themselves Brand/ Line and Category Extension Brand Extension in multiple categories like Shampoos, Deodorants, lotions etc Dove Shampoo Brand Positioning A mild shampoo which repairs hair damage Brand Concept Focus on Repairing damage hair Brand/ Line and Category Extension No brand extension; though various variants available Dove Body Wash Brand Positioning A Body Wash that makes you feel hydrated and fresh after a bath Brand Concept A Moisturizing Body wash to avoid the dryness of skin occurring due to use of conventional soaps Brand/ Line and Category Extension None Dove Anti-Perspiring Deodorant Brand Positioning Deodorant for women to help skin recover from underarm shaving Brand Concept Mild Deodorant having good fragrance and good for skin Brand/ Line and Category Extension No Brand extensions, though variants available in Market Dove Body Lotion Brand Positioning Body Lotion for dry skin Brand Concept Moisturizing body lotion Brand/ Line and Category Extension No Brand extensions, though variants available in Market ******************************************************** KEY MARKETING ISSUES PERSONAL CARE CATEGORY Multiple categories too many products: As mentioned earlier, personal care category itself is divided into multiple sub categories. It is increasingly getting difficult for the customers to choose the right product due to too many options available in the market. It has been observed during the testing stage (Consumers are given the samples to use and give feedback) that the consumers do not even able to make out by using the product if they are using hair conditioner or skin conditioner (Source: Lecture delivered by an HUL business head in IIM C). Intense competition: Personal care category has grown at a very rapid rate in the past few years with increasing competition. Major players consist of HUL, PG, JJ, Emami, Gillette, Fiama Di wills, LOreal, Revlon, Benckiser, Avon, Amway, Oriflame, Cavinkare and so on. A category that has such a large number of players operating at the same market place makes it difficult for the brands to sustain in the market and in the minds of the customers. Complex product composition: Product composition is getting complex and complex with every other product innovation. Customers in this category are very sensitive towards the fact if the product is good for their body or not, if it is made of natural ingredients or harmful chemicals. They are also not able to decide as to which product fits for which requirement. Companies are facing a challenge as to how can they best educate the customers about the product and its usage. Word of Mouth effect: Products recommended by friends and family members (word of mouth advertisement) has great impact on the consumption pattern of the consumers. They find it easy and trouble-free to switch from one product/brand to other if someone has used it earlier and is suggesting the same for them. Shift in the target group: Personal care category is divided into two segments Premium segment Popular segment. Premium segment caters to the need of mainly the urban target group whereas Popular segment mainly addresses the need of the rural target group. Till 2002-2003, Personal care products, except those in oral care category, were regarded as luxury items, and attracted a high excise duty of 120%. But the taxation reforms in India after 1991 have lowered the excise duty rates that make these products more affordable. The impact of this is that there has been a drastic shift in the consumption pattern in personal care category with a major shift from urban to rural markets. One more reason that strengthens the above stated fact is that the research shows that the urban markets for personal care products is getting saturated and all the future opportunities lies in the rural markets only. Wide price range: Price range in this category is too wide and so it causes the problem of Value for Money for the customers. It becomes more crucial for the companies to position its brand carefully so that the perceived value of the brand matches the customers (targeted) willingness to spend the stated money. Distribution problems: With competition shifting from urban markets (reachable) to rural markets, companies having better distribution system have an advantage over its competitors. BRAND DOVE Any brand in the personal care category would face the above stated marketing issues but may be to a different extent depending on the fact whether it lies in the premium or the popular segment (explained above). Some of the major marketing issues faced by the brand DOVE are mentioned here as: Threat of Brand Erosion: With lot of sales promotions happening with the brand like 1+1 free, there is a possibility of brand value erosion. With the brand now priced at Rs 28 (Lower end), the price has somewhat become reasonable. This might erode the premium nature of the brand and might obscure Doves brand positioning as well. Dove/Axe Case: Brand conflict arising due to portrayal of women differently for its two brands by Unilever had created some doubts in the minds of the customers. Axes portrayal of women as thin, young and often suggestively dressed, along with its use of text and slogans utilizing sexual innuendo, made Doves real beauty message seem untrue. Value for Money problem (Indian context): It has been observed that Indian customers take into consideration the notion of value for money even while purchasing the premium products. Dove (soaps mainly) has been seen as the least lasting soap amongst all the soap varieties available in the market. As such it usually does not last enough (partly because of typical Indian bathroom habits). All this has reduced the value proposition for the brand. Multiple products under one Umbrella Brand: Originally Dove was launched in the soap category and later the brand covered a variety of other products including hair care, skin care, deodorants etc. Dove might find it difficult in the long run to adhere to its brand promise for all the products. Any one product under the umbrella brand Dove if goes wrong in the market, might greatly affect the overall brand image as well. ******************************************************** ANALYSIS OF MARKETING COMMUNICATION Doves  Campaign for Real Beauty  has been one of the most talked about campaigns, earning praise from people in the advertising world, as well as from real consumers for representing something different to the typical fashion advertising. The  Dove Campaign for Real Beauty  is a worldwide  marketing campaign  launched in 2004 that includes advertisements, video, workshops, sleepover events and even the publication of a book and the production of a play. The principle behind the campaign is to celebrate the natural physical variation embodied by all women and inspire them to have the confidence to be comfortable with them. This campaign featured regular women (non-models) who were beautiful in their own way and did not fit in with the idealized images of models, super-models, and celebrities. Dove is a classic case of consistency especially in a country like India where people have come of age in terms of affluence. The campaign, also, focused on highlighting the functional benefit of the product. The process is two-pronged, comprising conviction and proof. Thus, the campaigns showed the performance of the product on the face, which was quickly followed up by testimonials from real people. CFRB was a multi-faceted campaign that sought to challenge the stereotypes set by the beauty industry. The CFRB is currently focused on how girls are today bombarded with unrealistic, unattainable messages and images of beauty that impact their self-esteem. The campaign launched in September 2004 with a much talked about ad campaign featuring real women whose appearances are outside the stereotypical norms of beauty. The ads asked viewers to judge the womens looks. The second phase kicked off in June 2005, with a advertisement featuring six real women with real bodies and real curves (thats what the ad mentioned). Continuing its ongoing commitment to widen the narrow definition of beauty, Dove launched the third phase in February 2007. The campaign Beauty Comes of Age celebrates the essence of women 50+ wrinkles, age spots, grey hair and all. The campaign returned $3 for every $1 spent. Advertisements: The early part of the campaign was mainly driven by TV ads, and billboard ads.  All the TV commercials resonated with the brand message that Real beauty comes in all shapes, sizes, and colours. The Dove ads  are creative and get the consumers attention.   It uses a softer communication style. Its tells women that its time to be comfortable in your own skin. It has even been running roadblocks across channels like Star and Zee, where it bought out all the commercial advertising time on an exclusive basis.   The soaps advertisements are very timely. The Real Beauty models have also received their share of the spotlight appearing on numerous television programs including Oprah, The Today Show, The View and CNN.   Videos/Films: Dove started the Dove Self-Esteem Fund that claims to change the Western concept of beauty from ultra-thin models with perfect features to making every girl (and woman) feel positive about her looks, no matter what they are. In an effort to promote the Fund, Dove ordered a series of highly-successful online-based short films promoting the self-esteem concept, which to date includes  Daughters  (which also aired as a 75-second television spot during the  Super Bowl XL),  Evolution  (which went on to win a number of honours, including two  Cannes Lions  Grand Prix awards),  Onslaught, and  Amy. For e.g. Onslaught is a new viral film that depicts the constant barrage of beauty images that girl absorb every day. Both visually and emotionally powerful, the film is a wake-up call for anyone concerned about the factors that impact self -esteem in young girls. Workshops: Dove conducted a series of self esteem workshops and provided new online self esteem tools for mom and girls. This was done to help girls, moms and mentors realize what they see in movies and magazines represent an unrealistic standard of beauty, not an everyday achievable look. Internet Media: The CFRB site, www.Campaignforrealbeauty.ca, houses a variety of tools for improving self-esteem in girls. Visitors can access new self-esteem building tools, take part in interactive self-esteem activities and join self-esteem discussion boards. They can also learn how to lead in self-esteem workshops and read articles by leading self-esteem experts. Since the websites launch, nearly 4 million people have logged onto the website. Dove is getting smart about social media, using it to drive even more interest online in the central theme behind the entire campaign.   One of the most popular videos on YouTube right now is Doves Evolution of Beauty, a video also posted on their website.  About 12,077,157 have watched this ad on YouTube till date. This is the new wave of advertising one where ad agencies maintain their niche for developing creative video advertising, but media buying groups are the ones left out.      Sales Promotion: Doves initial price was around Rs50 that put off even the premium customers. With lot of sales promotions happening with  the brand like 1+1 free , the price has somewhat become reasonable. ******************************************************** CRITICISM OF THE MARKETING COMMUNICATION No doubt the Dove campaign has been one of the most successful one in recent times. However, lot of criticism does surround the campaign. As part of this campaign, in 2006, the campaign has been criticized on the grounds that Unilever also produces Fair and Lovely, a skin-lightening product marketed at dark-skinned women in several countries. It should be noted that Fair and Lovelys advertising campaign would seemingly contradict the sentiment of the Campaign for Real Beauty. Another argument can be made concerning the models themselves. While Dove chose to stay away from professional models, they also clearly chose models that  are still pretty. If one looks closely at all of these women, their hair is perfect, their teeth are white and they have relatively flawless skin (no visible scars, bruises, pimples, etc). These women are as over-processed as any other model, in fact many belief that they are subject to digital retouching and airbrushing in order for them appear this way. Their advertising campaign fails because they are not being direct, clear and concise with their message. While sales promotions are necessary to increase sales, there is a possibility of brand value erosion. The critics state that the brand does not fit into the value for money proposition for the Indian consumer. It is a truth that Indian consumer looks for Value even in premium products. Dove has a negative point in that the soap usually does not last enough (partly because of our bathroom habits). This has reduced the value proposition for this brand. The campaign had created a Self Esteem Fund and was showcasing real beauty as opposed to airbrushed images, but still they are selling firming cream in some of the ads using the same brand name (brand extension). They are now playing on the insecurities of the target group. This was not what the brand initially believed into. Hence, this portrays a negative image of the brand and creates a perception that Dove is now not commitment to Real Beauty cause. ******************************************************** DOVE: Brand Perception Connect with the Market Brand perception gives what a consumer feels and expects from a brand. The perception of a brand by a customer can be understood as the positioning that product has in the consumers mind. The positioning that Dove has is that of being mild on the skin. It basically protects your skin and hair. To understand the brand perception, primary and secondary data were used to derive the positioning of Dove with respect to its competitors. This has been done for 4 major categories of products of Dove: Shampoos, Soaps, Deodorants and Body Lotion. Shampoos: The positioning of Dove with respect to competitors on features of Protection offered to the hair and Style Quotient of the product was mapped. Here we can see that Dove is clearly positioned as a safe shampoo for hair care. The mildness of the shampoo is given more stress than the style quotient. This also matches with the concept of Real Beauty that they pursue. It is more important to have a natural look stylish at the cost of health of hair. Soaps: The positioning of Dove with respect to competitors on features of mildness of the product on skin and Style Quotient of the product were mapped. Even with soaps the image of Dove is persistent as being very mild and hence good for the skin. The moisturising nature of the soap is given more emphasis than the cleansing or glamour property of the soap. Deodorants: In the category of deodorants, Dove has been compared to the other brands on Fragrance and Price. A feature not discussed is the moisturising effect of the deodorant, which is one of the differentiating features for Dove. Here we can see that Dove doesnt have that clear a positioning with respect to other competition brands in terms of Fragrance and Price. But Dove uses a positioning similar to that of the category soap in deodorants too. The moisturising aspect of the Dove deodorant is the differentiating feature that Dove offers. This again is in line with the overall perception of Dove being mild on the skin. Body Lotion: The positioning of Dove with respect to competitors on features of moisturising effect and price were mapped. The consistent image and characteristic which Dove maintains in other categories, naturally held on in this category. Dove Body Lotion is perceived as a brand with very good moisturising effect. It is also perceived to be on the higher price side compared to a competitor who provides similar quality of product. The overall brand perception which Dove maintains in all its categories is that of a mild and gentle product which keeps you naturally clean and fresh. ******************************************************** DOVE: A Comparison with Its Competitors SHAMPOO DOVE Garnier LOreal Paris Positioning Strategy Lifestyle product mainly targeted at teenagers and young girls- middle and upper socio economic class- nature based innovative personal care Focused towards young working women who earn their own money Entered with hair dresser industry- rely more on International campaigns Brand Image Long and Strong hair- 5 Times stronger Hair which takes care of the hair Total repair therapy- Premium brand Brand/ Line and category extension Garnier hair color shampoo- for middle aged women (Daughter advising her mom to use it), Garnier Shampoo + Oil blend LOreal kids shampoo SOAP DOVE Johnsons Baby Soap Camay Handmade soaps- Like Lush PositioningStrategy Focused Baby, and then also included small kids. Recently to kids mothers as well Positioned as white, pure soap for women initially. Later moved from just beauty to beautiful complexion at every age. Latest: Camay Bar- face wash in a bar Positioned as healthy and environmental friendly soaps. Use sensory marketing strategy along with funky names to create the buzz Brand Image Medically tested soap for young skin Rich creamy affordable soap Natural and relaxing but highly expensive Brand/ Line and category extension Various variants available Chocolate, glitter and menthol variants Into various other products in skin and hair care BODY WASH DOVE Lux Palmolive Neutrogena Positioning Strategy Focuses on silky soft skin Focus on giving Natural Spa like experience Focuses on refreshing and gentle formula to fight breakouts in your skin BrandImage Nice fragrance and smooth body wash in an affordable range Scented and refreshing body wash- for upper socio economic segment Alternative to medicated prescriptions; works for minor acnes as well Brand/ Line and category extension 7 Variants available; recently Friday night Fever Natural moisturizing, thermal Spa, Aroma Deep clean sport body wash; Men body wash BODY LOTION DOVE Nivea Vaseline Ponds Positioning Strategy Focused as body lotion present to suit different needs for different weather Initially focused as lotion for rough skin during winters with natural oils- now positioned as one for each season lotion Positioned as deep moisturizing winter lotion Brand Image Long lasting moisturizer lotion Natural glowing and moisturizing lotion An affordable non greasy lotion Brand/ Line and category extension Sun kissed firming lotion, body lotion for men Aloe Vera and healthy white Ponds dream flower lotion ANTI PERSPIRANTS DOVE Nike Fa Rexona Positioning Strategy Sporty deodorant for both the sexes Towards young women- Feel good freshness First anti Per spirant to be launched; Round the clock protection; Indian values with International feel- positioned at both the sexes. Brand Image Highly premium brand: more of a style icon Dry and clear ; Mild but efficient deo giving 24 hour protection Deodorant for controlling excessive perspiration Brand/ Line and category extension Various variants available FaXtreme for men From contact Stick to aerosol sprays; 5 variants for women and 2 for men ******************************************************** Recommendations for Brand DOVE Brand Re-vitalising The brand positioning of Dove clearly pits it at a target group of 25 to 40 years old, and thus, over the past sometime, and thus old.oning of Dove clearly pits it at a rag1919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919has been perceived more and more as a brand for the older women. Brand Dove should start expanding its target age group and aim at younger women in the category of late teenagers, college-goers, and young professionals. The strategy should be aimed such that it signifies a story of parents passing on a caring secret onto their daughters, and should maintain the core idea of the positioning that of playing on the consumers idea of real beauty and making them secure and confident. This positioning fits in line with the strategy of increasing the target demographic because such insecurities of real beauty and skin-deep beauty are all the more relevant in that age group. The caveat with this is that the communication campaign should not be perceived as an expansion of the target group from older women to women of all ages. Instead it should be such that Dove is perceived as revitalising itself into a more youthful, edgier and playful brand while retaining its sophistication and elegance, to become a brand that makes older women feel young again. Digital Space Considering the wider target group, Dove would need to change its communication strategy as well. The fact that Dove should be looking to tap into the urban and youthful segment a segment extremely active on the digital media (especially the social media) the entire digital campaign gains centre stage. This becomes all the more important as even the housewives are becoming increasingly internet friendly. With this in mind, and the new youthful edginess of the brand, the website would need to be redesigned and the brands entire communication online would need to be made more youthful by incorporating online tests (which can help women identify their body type, or hair type, or better still, with customised suggestions based on the answers provided) and tips for women (in the various stages of their lifecycle).Coming up with a forum with the theme of Real women, to express Real problems where women can get together and discuss their issues bodily issues (acne problems, hair fall etc .), with professional tips coming in at times as well. Women, especially in India, would be reluctant to talk openly about most cosmetic issues. This forum would act as a support group, where they could post anonymously if they chose to, and give and receive help from other women. This would boost Doves image as a trusted brand that genuinely cares for the everyday concerns of real women. Packaging Currently, the packaging of Dove is such that the different variants of the brand be it in the category of shampoos or soaps, but notably less so in the category of anti-perspirants are not very clearly distinguishable. This means that a Dove Crà ©me is hardly distinguishable from Dove Fresh Moisture and it, in turn, seems hardly different from Dove Gentle Exfoliating. The uniformity in colour a large portion with cream background, under a subtle Greyish or Light Blueish logo and text makes the different variants hardly attract the eye. Changing the packaging by changing the colour or the shape, would further add to the change in positioning from mild to one of elegant and edgy youthfulness. Also, in a retail store, the plain colours of Dove easily camouflage with the background and whenever it does catch the eye, it looks like a product fit more at a chemists store. To change this, Dove can make the bottles transparent or, as is the case internationally, choose colours which ar e visible yet elegant like Royal Blue or feminine Lavender. ******************************************************** REFERENCESà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Primary Research: http://www.surveygizmo.com/s3/412900/Brand-Image http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceptual_mapping Chapter 6 Consumer Perception from Avinash Kumar http://marketingpractice.blogspot.com/2006/07/dove-mildest-one.html http://www.docstoc.com/docs/22818236/Dove-and-Axe-Examples-of-Hypocrisy-or-Good-Marketing http://www.allbusiness.com/marketing-advertising/4211506-1.html How sincere is  Dove? Univelvers and Doves official website http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=1731400614466797113# http://rohitbhargava.typepad.com/weblog/2006/10/doves_evolution.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dove_Campaign_for_Real_Beauty http://www.campaignforrealbeauty.com/ http://www.mediaawareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/campaignrealbeauty.cfm Le journal du Net Marketing Magazine http://www.hul.co.in/brands/personalcarebrands/ http://marketingpractice.blogspot.com/2006/07/dove-mildest-one.html

Internet Censorship Essays -- Argumentative Web Cyberspace Essays

Internet Censorship The freedom of speech that was possible on the Internet could now be subjected to governmental approvals. For example, China is attempting to restrict political expression, in the name of security and social stability. It requires users of the Internet and electronic mail (e-mail) to register, so that it may monitor their activities. In the United Kingdom, state secrets and personal attacks are off limits on the Internet. Laws are strict and the government is extremely interested in regulating the Intern et with respect to these issues.10 Laws intended for other types of communication will not necessarily apply in this medium. Through all the components of the Internet it becomes easy to transfer material that particular governments might find objectionable. However, all of these means of communicating on the Internet make up a large and vast system. For inspectors to monitor every e-mail, every article in every Newsgroup, every Webpage, every IRC channel, every Gopher site and every FTP site would be near impossible. Besides taking an extraordinary amount of money and time, attempts to censor the Internet violate freedom of speech rights that are included in democratic constitutions and international laws.11 It would be a breach of the First Amendment. The Constitution of the United States of America declares that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redr ess of grievances 12 Therefore it would b e unconstitutional for any sort of censorship to occur on the Internet and affiliated services. Despite the illegality, restrictions on Internet access and content are increasing worldwide under all forms of government. In France, a co untry where the press generally has a large amount of freedom, the Internet has recently been in the spotlight. A banned book on the health history of former French president Francois Mitterrand was republished electronically on the World Wide Web (WWW). Apparently, the electronic reproduction of Le Grand Secret by a third party wasn't banned by a court that ruled that the printed version of the book unlawfully violated Mitterrand's privacy. To enforce censorship of the Internet, free societi... ... distributed, as well it shows the difficulty in preventing material deemed inappropriate from appearing where it shouldn't. The Internet is much too complex a network for censorship to effectively occur. It is a totally new and unique environment in which communications transpire. Existing laws are not applicable to this medium. The lack of tangible boundaries causes confusion as to where violations of law take place. The Internet is made up of nameless interaction and anonymous communication. The intricacy of the Internet makes it near impossible to delete data that has been publicized. No one country should be allowed to, or could, regulate or censor the Internet. Bibliography Bradford, Bryan and Mark Krumholz. Telecommunications and Decency: Big Brother goes Digital. Business Today Spring 1996 : 12-16. Gates, Bill. Searching for middle ground in online censorship. Microsoft Corporation. http://www.microsoft.com/corpinfo/bill-g/column/1996essay/censorship.htm (27 Mar. 1996). Irwin, Heather. Geeks Take to the Streets. Hotwired.com. http://www.hotwired.com/special/indecent/rally.html Jefferson, Thomas. Bill Of Rights. The Constitution of the United States.

Freedom of the Press

Freedom of the Press – liberty to print or to otherwise disseminate information, as in print, by broadcasting, or through electronic media, without prior restraints such as licensing requirements or content review and without subsequent punishment for what is said. Freedom of the press or freedom of the media is the freedom of communication and expression through mediums including various electronic media and published materials. While such freedom mostly implies the absence of interference from an overreaching state, its preservation may be sought through constitutional or other legal protections.With respect to governmental information, any government may distinguish which materials are public or protected from disclosure to the public based on classification of information as sensitive, classified or secret and being otherwise protected from disclosure due to relevance of the information to protecting the national interest. Many governments are also subject to sunshine laws or freedom of information legislation that are used to define the ambit of national interest. Freedom of the press, which has been limited not only by governments but at times by churches, is bsolute in no country.In modern democracies it is rarely attacked by overt forms of censorship but is often compromised by governments' ability to withhold information, by self-censorship in reaction to various pressures, by selective government â€Å"leaking† of information or disinformation, and by other factors. In the United States, freedom of the press and the broader freedom of speech are protected by the First Amendment to the Constitution and are considered fundamental rights of the people. In practice, though, some kinds of speech and publication (e. g. bscenity or violations of copyright) are considered outside the amendment's purview, and others, like commercial speech (advertising or product claims), receive a reduced level of protection. In addition, broadcasters are subjec t to government licensing requirements. The protections to be afforded users of on-line computer services, the Internet, and other new means of publication are the focus of a developing debate; in 1996 a federal district court panel struck down the new Communications Decency Act, holding that Internet communications were entitled to he same degree of protection as printed communications.History Historically, restriction of the press has occurred in two ways. The first may be either censorship or mandatory licensing by the government in advance of publication; the second is punishment for printed material, especially that considered by the government to be seditious libel. Censorship of the press began not long after the invention of the printing press. Pope Alexander VI issued (1501) a notice requiring printers to submit copy to church authorities before publication, in order to prevent heresy.Penalties for bypassing the censors included fines and excommunication. Key Principles -Pu blishing was liberalized, with the law requiring only that publishers present their names to the authorities and deposit two copies of every work. -The authorities were ene the power to suppress newspapers. -This nad previously enabled prosecutions of critics of the government, monarchy and church, or of those who argued for controversial ideas on property rights. The scope of libel was severely reduced, with the criteria for defamation being much more tightly defined -A limited umber of â€Å"press offences† was retained, including outraging public morals, and insulting high-ranking public officials including the President of the Republic, heads of foreign states and ambassadors. Scope -It applies to statements made publicly, whether through oral or printed means. -In recent years, French courts have repeatedly ruled that the law also applies to defamatory content communicated via the World Wide Web.Defenses -Truth of the defamatory statement is available as a defense in mos t libel cases other than those concerning the privacy of the plaintiff. Where privacy is infringed, truth is not an absolute defense, though some latitude is permitted if the plaintiff is a public figure. – A plea of good faith is permitted by the courts in circumstances where the issues at stake concern matters of public interest. A defendant may be acquitted on that basis if the court is satisfied that the defendant has carried out at least a basic verification of the source of the information on which the defamatory statement is based.The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states: â€Å"Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes reedom to hold opinions without interference, and impart information and ideas through any media regardless of frontiers† This philosophy is usually accompanied by legislation ensuring various degrees of freedom of scientific research (known as scientific freedom), publishing, press and printing the d epth to which these laws are entrenched in a country's legal system can go as far down as its constitution.The concept of freedom of speech is often covered by the same laws as freedom of the press, thereby giving equal treatment to spoken and published expression. Freedom of the Press CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEETeodoro, et al on the book Freedom Of Expression And The Media In The Philippines Chapter I: History of Freedom of the Press demonstrated how the commitment to free speech and expression, the right to information and press freedom, with which the leaders of both the 19th century Philippine Reform Movement and the 1896 Revolution were familiar, was continued in the Malolos Constitution of the First Philippine Republic, this was nearly 115 years ago. These provisions did not only survived, but were expanded, in the country's subsequent Constitutions. The freedom of speech and expression, the right to information and press freedom were guaranteed in the Philippine Constitution as follows: The Malolos constitution guaranteed that no Filipino would be deprived of â€Å"the right to freely express his ideas or opinions, orally or in writing, through the use of press and similar means†.The guarantee of the 1987 Constitution in Section 4, Article 3 (Bill of Rig hts) which says that â€Å"No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances.† Section 7 also states that â€Å"the right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized. Access to official records, and to documents, and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions or decisions, as well as to government research data used as basis for policy development shall be afforded to the citizen, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law† Another relevant provision is on Section 28, Article 2 which says that â€Å"subject to reasonable conditions prescribed by law, the State adopts and implements a policy of full public disclosure of all its transactions involving public interest.† In the same article, section 24, the constitution also says that â€Å"the State recognizes the vital role o f communication in nation building.†PRESS FREEDOM (PLUS RIGHT TO INFORMATION) EQUALS TO FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND EXPRESSIONClearly, you cannot talk about freedom of the press without mentioning the freedom of speech and expression and the right to  information. In an article on Human Rights Issues in Criminal Justice, it stated that â€Å"the concept of freedom of speech is often covered by the same laws as freedom of the press, thereby giving equal treatment to spoken and published expression.† Most have concluded that freedom of the press derives from freedom of speech.According to Chief Justice Warren E. Burger of the United States Supreme Court, conferring special status on the press requires that the courts or the government determine who or what the press is and what activities fall under its special protection. Burger further concluded that the free speech guarantees of the First Amendment (of the US Constitution) adequately ensure freedom of the press, and that t here is no need to distinguish between the two rights, simply â€Å"Because the First Amendment was meant to guarantee freedom to express and communicate ideas, I can see no difference between the right of those who seek to disseminate ideas by way of a newspaper and those who give lectures or speeches and seek to enlarge the audience by publication and wide dissemination.†IMPORTANCE OF EXERCISING FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND EXPRESSION, RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND PRESS FREEDOM TO THE FULLEST EXTENTWith relation to guarantees or assurances in the constitution, it is therefore essential that these freedom, the people of the Republic of Philippines enjoy must be exercised to the fullest extent as provided by the Philippine Constitution for the following benefits: 1. Individual’s unlimited access to the ideas of his fellow men in â€Å"a free and open encounter†. John Milton’s (an English civil servant for the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell) central ar gument was that â€Å"the individual is capable of using reason and distinguishing right from wrong, good from bad†, and that to be able to fully exercise this ration right is that â€Å"he must have unlimited access to the ideas of his fellow men in ‘a free and open encounter’†. It is in Milton’s pamphlet Areopagitica and other writings that the concept of the â€Å"open marketplace of ideas† was developed. This is the idea that when people argue against each other, the good arguments will prevail resulting to good judgment and decisions.2. Well-being of the society and its creation to becoming a good society. According to John Stuart Mill (an English philosopher, political economist  and civil servant) with his 19th century utilitarian viewpoint that â€Å"a good society is one in which the greatest number of persons enjoy the greatest possible amount of happiness†. And that attaining this amount of happiness is â€Å"to apply the general principles of liberty to freedom of expression†. Mill further stated that â€Å"if we silence an opinion, we may silence the truth†.As expressed in his book On Liberty: â€Å"If all mankind minus one, were of one opinion, and one, and only one person were of the contrary opinion, mankind would be no more justified in silencing that one person, than he, if he had the power, would be justified in silencing mankind†. In the words of the Committee to Protect Journalist: â€Å"Without a free press, few human rights are attainable. A strong press freedom environment encourages the growth of a robust civil society, which leads to stable, sustainable democracies and healthy social, political, and economic development.†3. Attainment of information from a diversity of sources, Decision making, and communication to the government. Rather than having the government establish and dictate the truth, freedom of speech enables the truth to emerge from diverse opi nions. Concurring in Whitney v. California (1927), Justice Louis Brandeis wrote that â€Å"freedom to think as you will and to speak as you think are means indispensable to the discovery and spread of political truth.†4. Facilitation of Majority Rule.On a communal level, it is through talking and gathering information that we encourage consensus, that we form a collective will. Whether the answers we reach are wise or foolish, free speech helps us ensure that the answers usually conform to what most people think. As stated by the World Association of Newspapers: â€Å"We have seen repeatedly throughout the world, that censorship and control of information serves the interest of a privileged few; the rule of law is negatively affected, human rights ignored and impunity and corruption unchecked. In contrast, a free, diverse and responsible media promotes transparency and accountability, informs public debate and helps to ensure governments address the concerns and aspirations of all citizens.†5. Improvement of the Means of Participation.On an individual level, speech and gathering information is the vehicle through which individuals debate the issues of the day, cast their votes, and actively join in the processes of decision-making that shape the polity. Free speech serves the individual’s right to join the political fray, to stand up and be counted, to be an active player in the democracy and not just a passive spectator.6. Embrace of the aspect of individualismIn the words of Justice Thurgood Marshall in the 1974 case Procunier v. Martinez, â€Å"The First Amendment serves not only the needs of the polity but also those of the human spirit – a spirit that demands self-expression.† Freedom of speech is the right to defiantly, robustly and irreverently speak one’s mind just because it is one’s mind. Freedom of speech is thus bonded in special and unique ways to the human capacity to think, imagine and create. Con science and consciousness are the sacred precincts of mind and soul.Freedom of speech is intimately linked to freedom of thought, to that central capacity to reason and wonder, hope and believe, that largely defines our humanity. (NOTE: The US First Amendment states that â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.†)WITH GREAT POWER COMES GREAT RESPONSIBILITYOn a recent article on lincoln.edu about â€Å"Freedom of the Speech and Freedom of Press† it stated that â€Å"the freedom of the press, like freedom of speech, is not absolute. Notwithstanding the limitations placed on it, the press exercises enormous power and influence, and is burdened with commensurate responsibility†. Because journalists generally have access to more infor mation than does the average individual, they serve as the eyes, ears, and voice of the public. Some legal scholars even argue that the press is an important force in the democratic system of checks and balances. The job of a free press, the article added; is to â€Å"keep an eye on the government†, to make sure it stays â€Å"honest and responsive† to the people of the country.A  free press also has an important role in government. Sometimes called the â€Å"Fourth Branch of Government† (as well as the President, Congress and the Supreme Court) the press does not simply report events. Teodoro, et al. further stated that the press and media have â€Å"had an increasingly influential impact on public policy, governmental decisions and popular attitudes†. And by all means, I’ll end with: FREEDOM CAN ONLY SURVIVE IN A SOCIETY THAT DEMANDS IT! THOSE WHO STAY SILENT WILL FOREVER BE HAUNTED BY ITS GHOST THAT FADES IN THE LIGHT OF FEAR AND BLIND CONFORM ITY. Freedom of the Press Our most important amendment , The First Amendment allows we the people to voice our opinions, obtain and publish information and opinions without the fear of government retribution. Infringing on freedom of the press is included in America’s greatest amendment. Although freedom of the press allows an endless amount of information abroad, It also allows for the use of propaganda. Freedom of the Press doesn't protect slander.When Freedom of the Press was added, it was to ensure that the government wouldn't censor the people’s opinions in newspapers and to expose schemes and information that some people might want hidden. Framers also wanted to sure Americans could continue to make informed decisions on how their nation is run. Without freedom of the press, the government could have also limited who could be a journalist , as well as be the only organization allowed to make newspapers. The only information that cannot be obtained through the media is information that is o bscene or classified because it could compromise the very future of America. Information that cannot be leaked are things like nuclear secrets.Most nations protects its best national interest by making sure classified information is not spread to those that could take advantage. Most of us use our freedom of the press right and we don't even know. Everytime you go on the internet to look something up. If the internet was made before the first amendment it would probably be censored and regulated by the government more harshly than it already is. The government doesn't care about opinions posted but it mostly removes copyrighted materials and illegal activities. Propaganda ensures the people only get the information the government wants them to have.The government often uses propaganda in harsh times, like times of war to get the people to help support the war effort. Freedom of the press can be abused ensure that everybody thinks in the way the government wants, all forms of informa tion were controlled. Otherwise, the government leaders could be voted against and administration. Before the internet, it was easier for the government to use propaganda but with the internet they would have to go through a lot more censoring. Although freedom of the press  doesn't protect slander, that doesn't mean false information cannot get printed in the newspaper.Peoples reputation could be damaged and once false information is printed in a newspaper, it can't be taken out of the people’s minds. Journalists can just tell half of a story and no one would be able to go against him or speak out In the court case People v. Croswell that happened in 1804, Harry Croswell was convicted for printing a story critiquing President Thomas Jefferson in his newspaper. His defense was that what he printed was the truth. You can't be retributed for acknowledging the truth. If Croswell made false accusations against the president, he would have been sentenced for slander, it is not o k to lie on a persons reputation.Freedom of the press expanded more than framers could have ever imagined, its literal meaning ended up adapting to new forms of media as needed. The Framers never expected that it could end up protecting rights on the internet. Because of the Lovell v. City of Griffin case in 1938 the freedom of the press right has been extended to media including newspapers, books, plays, movies, and video games. On May 16th of 2013 the Senate Judiciary proposed a new bill in the Senate, S.987, euphemistically titled, â€Å"Free Flow of Information Act of 2013.† The bill was an attempt to change who can be considered a journalist by not allowing citizen journalists to voice their opinions in the press. journalists would have had to be hired by the government which would have lowered current protection in the first Amendment.I appreciate the Freedom of the press and i am glad that it has Freedom of the Press, along with the other Freedoms that it protects. Fre edom of the press isnt perfect, as seen in World War II when both sides used propaganda to get their point across, America used posters to influence people to buy war bonds, and get men to want to join the army, while Germany engaged in propaganda Hitler took over the press, he spread lies blaming Jews for all of Germany's problems. Even Though freedom of the press isnt perfect, i still appreciate one of our greatest freedoms, without it we would be living a censored life.

The Elusiveness of War and the Tenuousness of Morality in...

The Elusiveness of War and the Tenuousness of Morality in Tim O’Brien’s â€Å"The Things They Carried,† â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story,† and â€Å"Style† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the novel The Things They Carried, Tim O’Brien demonstrates how exposure to the atrocities of nations at war leads to the soldiers having skewed perspectives on what is right and wrong, predominantly at times when the purpose of the war itself appears elusive. The ambiguity that consumes the stories of â€Å"The Things They Carried† and â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story† is displayed with irony, for the ‘moral’ of such war stories is that there is no moral at all. O’Brien portrays the character Mitchell Sanders as an observer who seeks the morals to be found through the war†¦show more content†¦Lavender’s death also reaches a point of irony when Sanders claims that the moral to the situation is in fact the immorality of it, saying â€Å"The moral’s pretty obvious. Stay away from drugs. No joke, they’ll ruin your day every time† (20). Sanders is focusing on Lavender’s corr upt ways in order to convey the lesson of his death, and he is ironically doing so as he partakes in those very debauched ways himself. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Similarly to Cross’ approach to dealing with the death of Lavender, Rat Kiley experiences much difficulty and trauma from the death of his friend Curt Lemon and feels partially responsible. Following Lemon’s death, Kiley went into the mountains and â€Å"came across a baby VC water buffalo [†¦]He stepped back and shot it through the right front knee[†¦]Curt Lemon was dead. Rat Kiley had lost his best friend in the world†(78-79). The frustrations of being a soldier in Vietnam and fighting at times for a cause that has no apparent solution causes the men to have questionable judgment. When it comes to upholding the standards they used to abide by when living in a place free of so much animosity and mortality, the soldiers must first overcome the oppressive weight of the war that confuses their moral views. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Moral ambiguity is clear in the short story of â€Å"Style† as Henry Dobbins strongly defends a young girl,