Goals of the monetary policy :: essays papers

Goals of the monetary policy Goals of monetary policy be to promote maximum employment, inflation (stabilizing prices), and frugal growth. If economists believe its possible to achieve every last(predicate) the goals at once, the goals are inconsistent. There are limitations to monetary policy. The term maximum employment means that we should try to hold the unemployment rate as downcast as possible without thrust it below what economists call the natural rate or the full- employment rate. Pushing unemployment below that level would cause inflation to rise and thereby ruin the separate objective--stable prices, economic growth, which is our objectives in the long run. Overall financial stability allow for lead to a better balance between habit and saving that will make resources available for investment purposes, reduce changes in the economy created by the inflation in the past, and by the reactions of savers, as well as fostering gamey and sustainable economic growth and contribute towards an investor friendly environment that will attract foreign investors to the country. Evidence has suggested that economies perform better, in price of growth, employment and vivacious standards, in low inflation environments than they do when inflation is persistently high. This evidence is a comparison across countries over long periods. The railroad tie between economic performance, measured by growth of output or growth of productivity, and inflation. This indicates a negative relation that is, the higher the inflation, the lower the rate of real growth. Evidence suggesting that low inflation promotes growth has motivated recent decisions by a number of central banks and governments, most notablyGoals of the monetary policy essays documentGoals of the monetary policy Goals of monetary policy ar e to promote maximum employment, inflation (stabilizing prices), and economic growth. If economists believe its possible to achieve all the goals at once, the goals are inconsistent. There are limitations to monetary policy. The term maximum employment means that we should try to hold the unemployment rate as low as possible without pushing it below what economists call the natural rate or the full- employment rate. Pushing unemployment below that level would cause inflation to rise and thereby ruin the other objective--stable prices, economic growth, which is our objectives in the long run. Overall financial stability will lead to a better balance between consumption and saving that will make resources available for investment purposes, reduce changes in the economy created by the inflation in the past, and by the reactions of savers, as well as fostering high and sustainable economic growth and contr ibute towards an investor friendly environment that will attract foreign investors to the country. Evidence has suggested that economies perform better, in terms of growth, employment and living standards, in low inflation environments than they do when inflation is persistently high. This evidence is a comparison across countries over long periods. The association between economic performance, measured by growth of output or growth of productivity, and inflation. This indicates a negative relation that is, the higher the inflation, the lower the rate of real growth. Evidence suggesting that low inflation promotes growth has motivated recent decisions by a number of central banks and governments, most notably

The Life Support of the Forestry Regime: Case Studies of Two Transnatio

The Life Support of the Forestry Regime Case Studies of Two Transnational NGOsIntroductionAs relatively new actors in international relations, nongovernmental organizations or NGOs are becoming a vital component for successful environmental regimes. NGOs organize transnational advocacy networks that link state actors, businesses, and other organizations. The forestry regime is relatively weak as compared to other environmental regimes because of a lack of international agreements and state policies regarding forest conservation. NGOs concord attempted to fill this state actor forefend and are beginning to shape the quality of the regime by establishing principles to guide state behavior. NGOs have developed conservation and management strategies, financed reforestation projects, and fostered business partnerships. This analyze compares the strategies of the World Wide livestock for Nature (referred to as the World Wildlife Fund-WWF in English speaking countries) and Rainfor est Alliance, two international NGOs that are involved with forestry projects in developing countries. The comparison indicates that both increase public awareness by different strategies. The WWF defines overarching goals and finances broad programs and the Rainforest Alliance focuses on industry through certification programs. Though both NGOs have not significantly changed international policy, they have been successful in creating a civil society to support the regime. If NGOs preserve to change the publics values and increase their involvement with local communities, they will become an even greater source of strength within the forestry regime.Where have our global forests gone?Deforestation is a significant threat to the worlds biodiver... ...Asia-Pacific Corporations and Environmental Management. New York Cambridge University Press. 202pp.Rainforest Alliance- Innovative Solutions for Global Conservation. Online. The Rainforest Alliance. ready(prenominal) www.rainfor est-alliance.org updated 2004 accessed 4/5/04.Shapiro, C. 2003. Indonesian Wood Certified as Legally Cut Arrives in Norfolk, Va. Port. Virginian-Pilot. Aug. 6, 2003.Wapner, P. 2004. Politics Beyond the State Environmental Activism and World polite Politics. In Green Planet Blues, edited by K. Conca and G.D. Dabelko, (pp. 122-139). Boulder, CO. Westview Press.Wilson, B., Van Kooten, G.C., Vertinsky, I., Arthur L. 1999. Forest Policy International Case Studies. New York CABI Publishing. 273pp.WWF Forests for Life Programme. Online. The World Wide Fund for Nature. Available www.panda.org updated 2004 accessed 4/5/04.

This Comfortable Cage Called America :: Personal Narrative Essays

This Comfortable Cage Called America My brothers have a cage in which they keep two iguanas. Im sure these creatures were natural in captivity, and I assume they ordain die in the same cage they be in now. Its not a bad cage. There are quite a few square feet for them to run around, there is a stick they chamberpot climb up and down, there is a heat pit they can relax on, and they have everything they need to survive at their clawtips. They dont even need to hunt for their meals because their meal tickets (my brothers) provide them with four square meals a day. They can see outside their cage, but have no idea what it would be like to live outside. I often wonder, however, what would happen if we were to set these two animals turn in what would be considered a natural habitat for most iguanas in the wild. Would they be likely to adapt in no time at all, or would they look for a nice place with four glass walls and a stick to play on? And how could this story about two lizards , even if apply metaphorically, apply to us as a race? We are responsible for our entrapment within four similar glass walls, yet we are not alert of them. Inside of a cage called America we sit, and though we have a great view of the rest of the world, thats all it is-a view. If we could somehow find a direction of recognizing and breaking out of this comfortable cage called life, we would be more capable of coming together as a human race and putting an can to a division so obvious that terms such as first world and third world are created to define the differences. Although I will incorporate the use of a few references, the main section of this essay will focus on my own experiences of life in another coarse which, in its own way, was another world. I was taught little in school or home about cultures and people other than my own. Was theple other than my own. Was there a reason I should have learned about a less productive people in some remote country? There was vigou r wrong with the land of the free and the home of the brave, and whether or not I was culturally diverse was of little importance in my life-until I went to live in a different country.

Bayard’s Search for Subjective Truth in Faulkner’s The Unvanquished :: Faulkner’s The Unvanquished Essays

Bayards Search for Subjective Truth in Faulkners The unconqueredUnlike Sarty Snopes of Barn Burning, the cashier of The Unvanquished leads a somewhat existential life. Sarty frivol aways an objectively moral stance when abandoning his abusive father. Conversely, Bayard Sartoris is face with the ambiguity and absurdity of the human situation and is on a search for innate truth (Kierkegaard). Though he acts on behalf of his family, he does things that he knows can be considered wrong. Additionally, he is asked to think new information and take in experiences that argon foreign to him. For him, it seems that existence precedes essence in his childhood. During this journey, Bayard describes instances in which his apprehension of information is primary, as is his need for empirical evidence. As he is slightly to run hasty into the first Union regiment that he has ever seen, Bayard observes, There is a limit to what a child can accept, assimilate non to what it can believe because a child can believe anything, given cartridge holder, but to what it can accept, a limit in time, in the very time which nourishes the believing of the undreamt of (66). When he is given visible check of the Union Army, it is overwhelming. The regiment that he encounters becomes tangible proof of the war.Later in the book, he once more reflects on the war. He catalogs the proofs that he has been given injured and half-starved countrymen but persists in his existential doubt. He notes, So we knew a war existed we had to believe that, just as we had to believe that the learn for the sort of life we had led for the last three years was hardship and suffering. Yet we had no proof of it. In fact, we had even less(prenominal) than no proof we had had thrust into our faces the very shabby and unavoidable obverse of proof (94). Because he has not seen the battles, he has difficulty acknowledging the reality of war.Even as Bayard is faced with the idea of war, he recalls of himself and Ringo that, What counted was, what one of us had done or seen that the other had not, and ever since that Christmas I had been ahead of Ringo because I had seen a railroad, a locomotive (81). In the midst of an already chaotic situation, the childlike fascination with the locomotive is a bit illogical.Bayards Search for Subjective Truth in Faulkners The Unvanquished Faulkners The Unvanquished EssaysBayards Search for Subjective Truth in Faulkners The UnvanquishedUnlike Sarty Snopes of Barn Burning, the narrator of The Unvanquished leads a somewhat existential life. Sarty takes an objectively moral stance when abandoning his abusive father. Conversely, Bayard Sartoris is faced with the ambiguity and absurdity of the human situation and is on a search for subjective truth (Kierkegaard). Though he acts on behalf of his family, he does things that he knows can be considered wrong. Additionally, he is asked to believe new information and take in experiences that are foreign to him. F or him, it seems that existence precedes essence in his childhood. During this journey, Bayard describes instances in which his apprehension of information is primary, as is his need for empirical evidence. As he is about to run headlong into the first Union regiment that he has ever seen, Bayard observes, There is a limit to what a child can accept, assimilate not to what it can believe because a child can believe anything, given time, but to what it can accept, a limit in time, in the very time which nourishes the believing of the incredible (66). When he is given visible proof of the Union Army, it is overwhelming. The regiment that he encounters becomes tangible proof of the war.Later in the book, he again reflects on the war. He catalogs the proofs that he has been given injured and half-starved countrymen but persists in his existential doubt. He notes, So we knew a war existed we had to believe that, just as we had to believe that the name for the sort of life we had led fo r the last three years was hardship and suffering. Yet we had no proof of it. In fact, we had even less than no proof we had had thrust into our faces the very shabby and unavoidable obverse of proof (94). Because he has not seen the battles, he has difficulty acknowledging the reality of war.Even as Bayard is faced with the idea of war, he recalls of himself and Ringo that, What counted was, what one of us had done or seen that the other had not, and ever since that Christmas I had been ahead of Ringo because I had seen a railroad, a locomotive (81). In the midst of an already chaotic situation, the childlike fascination with the locomotive is a bit illogical.

Essay examples --

Legal drinking age varies by many countries. In U.S.A, There has been a lot of argument when it comes to the legal drinking age here in US. When it comes to law. There is always an opinion, some are for it and some are against. When it comes to the legal drinking age world 21 we are totally against it. Many state still say the government should prohibit using alcoholic drinks at the age of 18. Legal adults merit to be treated as such it is time the arbitrary drinking age of 21 Was let downed to 18, because there is no evidence that the National lower limit Drinking Age Act is effective or protects the people it is intended to protect . The Notional Minimum Drinking Age Act was passed in 1984 in an attempt to decrease the number of drunk driving associate accidents. The act threatens to decrease a states budget for high way crook and maintenance if it sets its drinking age under 21. According to Cuccoli , Keeping the drinking age at such a low age is leading to to a greater ex tent cases of binge drinking, (Cuccoli). Mothers against drunk driving reports that the number of alcohol related fatalities involving a vehicle decreased from 26, 173 to 16, 885 between 1982 and 2005.drinking alcoholic is very harmful for the people bodies. Furthermore, the number of overall motor vehicle deaths is decreasing a trend that alcohol related fatalities are sure to follow, regardless of the drinking age. For example, significant improvements in high way systems and vehicle safety have helped to decrease the overall number of motor vehicle deaths.According to C. Engs, research from the 1980s until the present has shown a continuous decrease in drinking and driving related variable which has parallel the nations and also university students, decre... ...tend to get overly drunk when they get a chance. As a result there are problems as serious as deaths. Finally, countries such as Italy, China, and Greece are some of the countries where the legal drinking age is lower a nd they seem to have fewer alcohol related problems. Current law in terms of legal drinking age has caused more alcohol related deaths than there has ever been. In conclusion , we should prepare young adults to make responsible decisions about alcohol in the same way we prepare them to execute a mother vehicle by first educating and then licensing and permitting them to exercise the full privileges of adulthood so long as they demonstrate their ability to detect the law . According to Minton it is true that America has a problem with drinking the rates of alcoholism and teenage problem drinking are far greater here than in Europe (Minton).

Abortion and Ethics Essay -- Life Pregnancy Fetus Papers

Abortion and EthicsAccording to the Websters naked World Dictionary, the first definition of miscarriage is the spontaneous act in which the body expels an embryo or fetus before it is able to survive, miscarriage (Neufeldt & Guralnik, 4). Yet others define abortion as the termination of a pregnancy with resulting ending of the human fetus, relating more to the planned procedures to produce this specific response (Ashley & ORourke, 141). In our society we have taken on this second view of the meaning, alternatively than abortion being a spontaneous act, it is a deliberate procedure sought by the mother that removes an embryo or fetus. This deliberate act has arisen end-to-end a controversial history. Before the procedures were made legal, women used many primitive methods. Some of these methods include jumping from great heights, having others jump on the pregnant charrs abdomen, ingestion of toxic substances, and the use of invasive probes such as sticks, knitting needles, or wire hangers (Callahan, 252). Although these primitive procedures might result in an abortion, they were severe for the women who endured them. Abortion in the United States was illegal until the early 1970s. Once legalized, abortions were localized to the coastal densely populated cities, such as in the states California and new-made York. Abortion was legalized nation wide on January 22, 1973 due to the efforts the key court cases of Roe v. Wade, and Doe v. Botton. Roe was an unmarried woman from Texas that wanted to challenge the abortion laws because she herself wanted to have the procedure to relieve the unborn child she carried. The second case, Doe v. Botton had a different outlook on the justification for abortion. Doe, a married... ...cities.com/ourlady_dal/abortion2.htmKnight, James, Joan Callahan. Preventing stemma Contemporary Methodsand Related Moral Controversies. University of Utah Press Salt Lake City, 1989. Kushner, Thomasine, David C. Th omasma. Birth to Death. Cambridge University Press Cambridge, 1996.National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institutes of Health. 26Nov. 2002.http//www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorders/taysachs_doc.htmNeufeldt, Victoria, David B. Guralnik. Websters New World Dictionary 3rd ed. PrenticeHall/Macmillan Company New York, 1994. Robinson. 26 Nov. 2002. http//www.religioustolerance.org/abortion.htm Shannon, Thomas. Bioethics, 3rd edition. Paulist Press Mahwah, 1987. The Abortion Law Homepage. 26 Nov. 2002. http//members.aol.com/abtrbng/pbal.htm

Abortion and Ethics Essay -- Life Pregnancy Fetus Papers

Abortion and EthicsAccording to the Websters New arena Dictionary, the first definition of abortion is the spontaneous act in which the body expels an embryo or fetus before it is able to survive, miscarriage (Neufeldt & Guralnik, 4). Yet others adjust abortion as the termination of a pregnancy with resulting death of the human fetus, relating more to the planned procedures to produce this specific response (Ashley & ORourke, 141). In our inn we have taken on this second view of the meaning, rather than abortion being a spontaneous act, it is a deliberate procedure sought by the mother that removes an embryo or fetus. This deliberate act has arisen throughout a controversial history. Before the procedures were made legal, women used many primitive methods. Some of these methods accommodate jumping from great heights, having others jump on the pregnant womans abdomen, ingestion of toxic substances, and the use of invasive probes such as sticks, knitting needles, or wire hange rs (Callahan, 252). Although these primitive procedures might result in an abortion, they were unsafe for the women who endured them. Abortion in the United States was illegal until the early 1970s. Once legalized, abortions were localized to the coastal thickly populated cities, such as in the states California and New York. Abortion was legalized nation wide on January 22, 1973 due to the efforts the key court cases of Roe v. Wade, and zip v. Botton. Roe was an unmarried woman from Texas that wanted to challenge the abortion laws because she herself wanted to have the procedure to relieve the unborn child she carried. The second case, Doe v. Botton had a different outlook on the justification for abortion. Doe, a married... ...cities.com/ourlady_dal/abortion2.htmKnight, James, Joan Callahan. Preventing Birth Contemporary Methodsand Related Moral Controversies. University of Utah Press Salt Lake City, 1989. Kushner, Thomasine, David C. Thomasma. Birth to Dea th. Cambridge University Press Cambridge, 1996. depicted object Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institutes of Health. 26Nov. 2002.http//www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorders/taysachs_doc.htmNeufeldt, Victoria, David B. Guralnik. Websters New World Dictionary third ed. PrenticeHall/Macmillan Company New York, 1994. Robinson. 26 Nov. 2002. http//www.religioustolerance.org/abortion.htm Shannon, Thomas. Bioethics, 3rd edition. Paulist Press Mahwah, 1987. The Abortion Law Homepage. 26 Nov. 2002. http//members.aol.com/abtrbng/pbal.htm

Age of Innocence Themes Essay

A diatribe on the vicious yet serene hunting lodge of her childhood, Edith Whartons Age of Innocence proffers an attack against the feather boa constrictor directions of late 1800s New York City0. Mays ability to keep things as they ar 1, Newlands desire to pretermit2, and Ellens escape3 exhibit three dissimilar effects of this patronizing society and three different interpretations of the role of action in their society, a theme that sewer also be seen within Shakespeares Hamlet and Greenes The Power and the Glory4.Whartons Age of Innocence is set in what is known as the gilded age, an era where everything is shiny and gold on the outside scarcely wrought with flaws and problems on the inside. For example, the top authority on taste and values, Larry Lefferts, has multiple affairs. I say, old chap do you mind barely letting it be understood that Im dining with you at the club tomorrow night? Thanks so much, you old brick (Age of Innocence, page 277) Lefferts is the tip mod el of how hypocritical this society is. Everyone knows that he has numerous affairs and yet they still look to him for rulings on taste and morals. His character also all(prenominal)ows this societys obsession with remaining pleasant and not saying anything about anything to be understood because no one talks about his affairs openly, they remain mutely known by all.The hypocrisy of New York is also seen in the peoples feelings toward the Beauforts. The Beauforts are known as common provided are true in high society solely because they wee-wee a ballroom in their home and host a grand party once a year. Age of Innocence also characterizes a society that Wharton refers to as tribal, prehistoric, and unwavering multiple time. New York is so firm in its ancient, in-stone ways that an insane power structure of power has emerged, where the completely unsocial van der Luyden family reigns. They are looked to for the final decision on all things simply because they have always been l ooked to for the final decision on all things.The society depicted is also rigidly strict regarding schedules and planning and is also obsessed with minute details- no one likes surprises here. Mays parents are consumed with trivial affairs for instance, Mays father gets physically ill when things do not go as planned and Mays cause demands that days be planned at least 24 hours in advance. They both showcase how uncertainty and any amount of action causes such melancholy within New York. Newland and Ellen are expected to not act on their desires in order to keep any unpleasantness away from society. All in all, this society is a net that allows no one to change or do anything. None can escape the grip of this tight-knit society.Having no ambition to vary such a pleasant place, May Welland is the picturesque woman attractive, well-dressed, polite, family oriented, and innocent. She is considered to be the character that embodies the effects and values of New York society. Avoidi ng conflict and offensiveness at all costs, clever May has learned to in outright direct Newland into doing what she knows he must. eon she never openly addresses Newland and Ellens love, the reader recognizes that she is smarter than Newland, the primary narrator of the novel, makes her out to be and we see that she covertly requires Newland to make a choice between her. Mother said once, when she asked you to, youd given up the thing you most wanted, said Dallas to his father. At length he said in a low voice She never asked me. (Age of Innocence, page 288).On her death bed, May told Dallas that he and the other children would have a good life with their father because he made the right choice by staying with her instead of running away with Ellen. Newland says that she never asked him because she never directly did, she never directly said or asked anything because that was how society had made her. She was able to manipulate Newland into be exactly as she wants him to be whi le remaining hone and innocent. genus Sagittarius realizes that May is a product of societys will, rules, and demands, becoming a clone of her mother and therefore trying to turn him into her father. May appears to be a shallow character but deeper analysis unearths that there is more to her than meets the eye.She seems to be content with societys workings while it is evident that Newland Archer is trapped in a society he no longer wants to be a part of. Throughout the novel, Archer tries to break free but continually realizes that he is scared to break away from the unaccompanied way he knows how to live. He longs to live like Ellen, an unorthodox and free spirit, but finds himself ensnared by societys mold for him.His whole future seemed suddenly to be unrolled before him and passing down its endless emptiness he saw the dwindling figure of a man to whom nothing was ever to happen. (Age of Innocence, page 185) Through Archer, Wharton exemplifies her hatred for the society she grew up in and her personal longing to bequeath such a dull world filled with people who dreaded scandal more than disease (Age of Innocence, page 272). Archer was never able to have a full relationship with Ellen because the world would end, time would stop, and Mr. Welland would surely die. Archer is a terrific example of the effects the trap of Society can have. He yearns to leave and live alongside Ellen but is never able to because of the deep roots Society has planted within him.Archer never escapes the confines of New York but Ellen, having left New York with her aunt when she was young, does not have the same roots implanted in her and is able to successfully leave to reside in genus Paris after her return to America. Newland longs to be like her and not be tied down by rules and expectations. Ellen also is a slight foil to May, representing a new, sophisticated woman driven primarily by her own desires and not those of the family.She is eccentric, dresses controversially, and disregards the strenuous demands of Society as much as possible. Succumbing to the dictates of Society, she did not pursue her affair with Newland however, instead of being afraid of rebelling against Society, as Newland was, she did not want to hurt her family because they had been so kind to her after her return from her disastrous marriage to the Count. Ellen is a kind and feel for woman that also pioneers the earlier movement of New York whose results are seen in the generation of Archers children- Dallas, Mary, and Bill. Dallas calls his dad prehistoric, showing that society is transforming with this coming age. A strong spirit, Ellen Olenska is not afraid to do as she pleases, not as Society pleases.The theme of action and its role within Age of Innocence can also be seen within Shakespeares Hamlet and Greenes The Power and the Glory. Newland Archer and Hamlet are both conflicted on how they should act. Hamlet is plagued with the obsession of being certain before acting . Constantly struggling with the idea of revenge, Hamlet never reaches a sound decision on how to avenge his fathers death and instead killing Claudius out of rage after his mothers death. While Hamlet is known as exceedingly thoughtful and contemplative, the only times he acts are swift and unplanned, as seen with the killing of Polonius and also his uncle. Archer also tries to figure out how to act but never knows how to move forward with his relationship with Ellen because of the thick barriers that Society, and not to mention his wife, presents.The Priest is conflicted because he never acts and always just runs away from the clutches of the Lieutenant and also reality. Newland also tries to escape reality by seeing Ellen in secret but is continually forced to return from his fantasy. Both realize that there is no escaping what is and accept their fate. While the Priest tries to escape the law and the lieutenant, Newland tries to escape Society. Sadly, both fail. The Priest is pu t to death and Newland loses his memory of Ellen as he becomes wrapped up in the passing(a) happenings of the city.The Priest is haunted by his sinful past and qualms with himself regarding how to move forward with life however, he remains in a rut until the novels end where he decides to hear one last confession and go to see the gringo, knowing he is giving himself up to the lieutenant. The lieutenant is one of the only characters within these three works that fully acts on his convictions. He is driven by a strong hatred for the Catholic Church and knows that the only way he can eradicate it is to do it himself. What actions role shall be is a pivotal question that all must answer for themselves or as a society. The effects of these answers are seen through the characters within Age of Innocence, Hamlet, and The Power and the Glory.

Foreign Nations Intervention in Civil Wars Essay

The events in history had seen many civilised contends that took place in various parts of the world. Civil wars are specify as violent conflict between organized groups in spite of appearance a country (Fearon, 2006). Being the case, it is questionable as to why overseas nations intervened with such benignant of domestic affairs. The interjection of foreign nations entails a specific reason or agenda in their part, which is the main cause as to why they participate in the civil wars of other countries.Foreign nations intervention in civil wars are notably observable in three events in the past namely the civil wars in Korea in the 1950s, Vietnam Civil war in the 1960s, and the afghanistan Civil contend in the 1980s. Civil War The meaning of civil war explains that it should only affect the citizens of a particular nation. The conflicting groups that are existing within the country could be two or more militant groups fighting with each other.The informant of disagreement could in addition come from the political tension among the existing government and some civilian groups that does not agree with how the government runs things and implement policies. James D. Fearon (2006) back up this definition of civil war when he argued that civil war pertains to violent conflicts among organized groups found within a country. The reasons behind such disagreement could be attributed to the struggle over the position of power in the government, one groups separatist objectives, or a particular policy implemented by the government that caused friction and division among its citizens.An armed combat would only be considered as a civil war when there are 1,000 dead that also leads to a high amount of rural insurgencies although not intensely violent or disturbing. Furthermore, Fearon emphasized that political goals is the primary characteristic of a civil war, if forever there are other motives such as vengeance or hatred then it could not be considered as such . 1950s Civil Wars in Korea The Korean civil war could be attributed to the different the ideological beliefs between North and mho Korea.North Korea gravels to communism while on the other open reciprocal ohm Korea believes in res publica. Due to this difference, the division of Korea took place that separated them between the commie North and the democratic South. Korea used to be owned by lacquer but it has been separated into occupational zones after the event of the World War II. The fall in States of America accepted the defeat and act of surrender by the Nipponese in Southern Korea. Similarly, the fiercenesss of the Soviet spousal relationship also did the alike act in the northern part of Korea.What seems to be a temporary division becomes eonian when the Soviet Union countenanceed in establishing a communist rule in North Korea while the United States make sure that they back up the South Korea done financial and military attend to (Korean War, n. d. ). On 25 June 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea through with(predicate) a surprised attacked that caught the South Korean army as well as a small number of U. S. forces off guard that makes their invasion of the capital city of Seoul easier. Just a couple of days after this invasion the United States of America push for a UN resolution that would give military aid to South Korea.In depict with this, President Harry Truman through this resolution worked under the United Nations police actions towards the North Korean invaders (Korean War, n. d. ). The influence of the United States had reversed the situation, the South Korean forces together with the U. S. forces attacked North Korea. Nevertheless, this decision of invasion stimulated other parties to intervene. In the late 1950, the forces of the communist China also made their presence tangle in the war, which resulted in a violent and bloody armed combat (Korean War, n. d. ).According to the Naval Historical Center (2001), this v iolent difference lasted for more than three years. Eventually, the war ended in 1953 when the United States and North Korea end the war by signing a cease-fire agreement. However, this agreement move to divide North and South Korea at almost the same geographical portion. The participation of foreign countries like the United States of America and China symbolizes the vested interests of these two nations. single of the important things that have to be considered in this situation is the fact that the cold war is already being felt during this time.The competition between the concept of democracy that is led by the U. S. and the idea of communism through the leadership of the Soviet bloc is observed through this civil war in Korea. The United States sustenanceed South Korea because they deem that not doing so would result for the north to annex them into their communist ideology. In the same manner, the Soviet Union gives aid to North Korea because of they did not want this ter ritory to be under the U. S. influence. Even other communist countries like China also intervened in the situation in order to support North Korea.This assertion is proven when the Korean War was considered as the start of the hot, violent, and expensive cold war (Naval Historical Center, 2001). The reported casualties in this civil war amounted to the death of 55,000 American troops. This war was deemed as a limited war because of the goal of the United States to merely protect South Korea from being invaded by the communist North. The U. S. had no intention of defeating the enemy and in this case the villains are North Korea together with the other countries that support communism (Korean War, n.d. ). 1960s Vietnam War The Vietnam War is also another(prenominal) example of a civil war wherein the intervention of foreign countries has been observable. This war also exemplified how conflicts within a country was exasperate due to the interests of others. In line with this, this civ il war also exemplified how the frigidness War is taking place during that time. The origins of the Vietnam War took place in 1954 when the Vietnamese patriot and the Vietminh army that was led by communists defeated the French at Dienbienphu.The French were forced to established North Vietnam as a communist while deviation South Vietnam as non-communist. However, this did not sit well with the United States of America especially after President Harry Truman support France in maintaining its Indochina colony, which composed of Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam through economic and military aid. The U. S. government led by President Dwight D. Eisenhower decided to established a nation as well as a political machinery in South Vietnam.He created a government that replaced the French and also deployed military advisers in order to train the army of South Vietnam. Furthermore, the U. S. also instructed its primeval Intelligence Agency to apply psychological warfare towards North Vietnam ( Rotter, 1999). The administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson had fully committed the country into war when the Congress allowed the Tonkin Golf Resolution, which surface the way for the continuous air bombing of the U. S. to South Vietnam. This action confirmed that the United States was indeed at war (Rotter, 1999).The succeeding president, Richard Nixon, implemented the idea of Vietnamization wherein he ordered the withdrawal of American troops that gave South Vietnam a greater role in the battle for this civil war. However, he made the effort to break down North Vietnam by deploying American forces in Cambodia to demolish the supply bases (Digital History, n. d. ). During 1968 to 1973, diplomacy was utilised in attempts of ending the war. In January 1973, an agreement were made that resulted for the U. S. withdrawal in Vietnam and the released of U. S.prisoners. Eventually, in April 1975 Vietnam was united as one country when South Vietnam surrendered to the North (Digital History, n. d. ). The intervention of the United States in the Vietnam War is an effort to combat the driving force of communism in the world, which is the North Vietnams government led by Ho Chi Minh. For the Americans, the enemy is communism because this ideology defy e precisething the U. S. upholds. The idea of freedom, pitying rights, free trade, and most especially the concept of democracy are violated by communism.This effort to combat communism is clearly seen when President John F. Kennedy supported the counterinsurgency war wherein he sent 400 Green Beret soldiers in order to trained the South Vietnamese how to fight and eventually combat the communist guerrillas of North Vietnam (Rotter, 1999). Furthermore, Rotter (1999) also argued that the United States believes in the domino theory wherein if ever a particular country in a region would adhere to communism then other nations would also follow suit just like a falling domino. This is the exact idea the U.S. wanted to pr event, which is why they participated in the Vietnam War because they deem that if the whole Vietnam would follow communism then eventually the other countries in Southeast Asia would also do the same. In relation to this, another reason is the objective of the U. S. for other countries to follow the path of democracy and identify themselves as member of the free states. The U. S. efforts in doing so was seen when the U. S. gave economic and military aid to France in order to maintain its Indochina colonies.They also used the same idea of the domino theory that if countries would see the development of France and its colonies then eventually they would chose democracy preferably of communism. 1980s Afghanistan Civil War The experienced of Afghanistan during its civil war in the 1980s is also similar to the events that took place in Korea and Vietnam. Foreign countries also intervened in this civil war. This involvement of other countries could be seen through the events of the war wherein their contribution to the armed combat also signifies their own interests in doing so.The Afghanistan civil war started when the wads Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) assassinated the first president of the country, Muhammad Daoud. The succeeding government led by Muhammad Taraki a member of the PDPA implemented policies that are very communist in nature. The resistance in this kind of policy resulted in a bloody civil war. From the start, the Communist Soviet Union supported the PDPA through economic and military aid. The PDPA party was also experiencing conflict between two rival factions that are after the control of the government.Taraki was overthrown by Amin, which threatened the Soviet Union because this new leadership might pave the way for the Afghanistan to lean towards the United States. This is the reason why the Soviet Union invaded the country. Amin was executed by the Soviet forces and was later on replaced by an Afghan Communist government led by Babr ak Karmal, which acted as a puppet administration. Other foreign countries like the United States, United Kingdom, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and China supported the Afghan Mujahadeen or holy warriors who were against the government established by the Soviet Union.The intervention of other nations aggravated the conflict. Eventually, by 1988 the dragging armed combat as well as the tensions in the Soviet politics pressed Moscow to adhere to the Geneva Accords of 1988. This agreement entails the Soviet army to leave Afghanistan in February 1989 (Lee, 2007). The incidents that took place in the Afghanistan civil war clearly shows why foreign countries participated in this kind of war.Due to the own interests of the Soviet Union to prevent the increasing number of free states that would follow the idealism of the United States, they decided to invade Afghanistan. They assassinated Amin, who they suspected sided with the United States. In the same manner, the United States and other countri es gave aid in terms of monetary as well as military equipment to the Afghan Mujahadeens to helped in their efforts of overthrowing the puppet government that was controlled by the Soviet Union as well as an effort to prevent the further spread of communism in Asia.The above mentioned civil wars only proves that foreign intervention took place in order to further the objectives and accomplished the goals of countries who involved themselves in this war. The United States of America and the Soviet Union are clear examples of countries that utilized the conflicts happening in other parts of the world to sustain their own interests. It is important to understand that these countries were the main actors who intervened because of the on-going Cold War happening between them during those times.Cold War was characterized by indirect aggression towards each other, which is clearly established by these two countries by simply supporting or aiding conflicting parties within a civil war. The main idea was for the United States to support parties that are against communism and for the Soviet Union to do the same by giving aid to those that are in favor of the communist idea and are against the free state the United States are fighting for. In all of these, it is proven that intervention indeed becomes a means to pursue and accomplished the vested interests and objectives of other countries.References __________. Learn About the Vietnam War. Retrieved June 28, 2008, from http//www. digitalhistory. uh. edu/modules/vietnam/index. cfm. __________. Korean War. Retrieved Jully 10, 2008, from http//www. asianinfo. org/asianinfo/korea/pro-korean_war. htm. Fearon, J. D. (April 2006). Civil War. Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. Retrieved June 28, 2008, from http//fsi. stanford. edu/news/ civil_war_definition_ transcends _ politics_ 20060410/.Lee, R. A. (2007). The Afghan Civil War. Retrieved June 28, 2008 from http//www. historyguy. com/afghan_civil_war. html. N aval Historical Center. (2001). The Korean War, June 1950 July 1953. Retrieved June 28, 2008, from http//www. history. navy. mil/photos/events/kowar/kowar. htm. Rotter, A. J. (2001). The Causes of the Vietnam War. Retrieved June 28, 2008 from http//www. english. uiuc. edu/maps/vietnam/causes. htm.

Paraphrasing

Paraphrase the following extracts taken from the short stories by kaki and Dylan Thomas we read last week. 1 )Although he was scarcely yet out of his teens, the Duke of CSCW was already marked out as a personality widely differing from others of his caste and period. Not in externals therein he conformed correctly to type. His hair was faintly reminiscent of Habitant, and at the other end of him his shoes exhaled the right soupON of harness- fashion his socks compelled one and only(a)s attention without losing ones respect and his attitude in repose had just that suggestion of Whistlers other, so becoming in the really young.It was within that the rag lay, if trouble it could be accounted, which marked him apart from his fellows. The Duke was religious. Not in any of the ordinary senses of the word he took small heed of High church service or evangelical standpoints, he stood outside of all the movements and missions and cults and crusades of the day, uncaring and uninterested. Yet in a mystical- practical way of his own, which had served him unscathed and unshaken through the fickle years of boyhood, he was Intensely and Intensively religious. HIS Emily were naturally, though unobtrusively, distressed about It. L am so afraid It may affect his bridge, said his mother. ( taken from The Ministers of Grace by Kaki) ? The Duke of CSCW had a marked personality that The verb defer Is Intransitive him from others of his caste and period. He was the right to his type non only for himself but also for the externals. He was so alike of Habitant and his shoes showed a bit of the harness-room ones attention was wrong verb pattern to his socks without any restriction and he had such an attitude, as the youth had, like the one in the Whistlers mother.The trouble was himself, and that was the reason why he was apart from his fellows. The Duke was so religious that he paved special attention distortion to the High Church or Evangelical standpoints, standing outside of a ll the movements, missions, cults and crusades with indifference and disinterest. More all over, he was religious In an intensely and Intensively? No paraphrasing here. Ay of his own. HIS family were very whereabouts It, but In a careful sense, that his mother said I am very anxious because it may affect his relations. )Len the middle of the night I woke from a inhalation full of whips and lariats as long as serpents, and runaway coaches and mountain passes, and wide, windy gallops over cactus fields, and I heard the old man in the next room crying, Gee-up and Whoa and trotting his tongue on the roof of his mouth. It was the first time I had stayed in grampss house. The floorboards had squeaked like mice as I clim sleep with into bed, and the mice between the walls had creaked Like wood as though another violators was walking on them.It was a mild summer night, but curtains had flapped and branches eaten against the window. I had pulled the sheets over my head, and soon was roar ing and riding in a book. Whoa there, my beauties cried grandpa. His articulatio sounded very young and loud, and his tongue had powerful hooves, and he made his bedroom Into a great meadow. I pattern I would see If he was Ill, or had pay back his bedclothes on fire, for my mother had said that he lit his cry under the blankets, 1 OFF through the darkness to his bedroom door, copse against the furniture and upsetting a candlestick with a thump.When I saw there was light in the room I felt righted, and as I opened the door I heard grandpa shout, Gee-up as loudly as a bull with a megaphone. He was sitting straight up in bed and rocking from side to side as though the bed were on a rough road and the knotted edges of the counterpane were his reins his invisible horses stood in a shadow beyond the bedside candle. Over a white flannel nightshirt he was wearing a red waistcoat with walnut-sized brass buttons. The overfilled bowl of his pipe smoldered along his whiskers like a littl e, burning hayrick on a stick.At the sight of me, his hands dropped room the reins and lay blue and quiet, the bed halt still on a level road, he muffled his tongue into silence, and the horses drew softly up. Is there anything the matter, grandpa? I asked, though the clothes were not on fire. His face in the candlelight looked like a ragged quilt pinned upright on the black air and patched all over with goat-beards. (Taken from A Visit to Grandpa s by Dylan Thomas) Late at night I woke from a strange dream full of strange things related to to horses, serpents, coaches and mountains, and then listened to the old man shouting, Go faster And Stop and making a kind of a sound with his tongue. As it was the first time I had stayed in grandpas house, I noticed every single sound like the squeak of the floorboards when I climbed into bed or the mice inside the walls, they creaked as if there was soul else there. Although the summer night was mild, the curtains had flapped and the win dows were beaten by the branches. I skip overed my head with the sheets and shortly I was roaring and riding in a book. Poor paraphrasing Stop, my beauties , yelled grandpa.His voice was like a young mans voice while his ensue made the sound of the hooves, and his bedroom was like a great meadow. I thought I would see if he was k as my mother told me he had the habit to smoke his pipe under the blankets and may be bedclothes set on fire, so I should run to his help if I smelt smoke in the night. I walked silently towards his bedroom, touching the furniture and threw a candlestick with a bump. There was light in his bedroom and I fleet frightened but when I opened the door I could hear grandpa shouting, Go faster in such a loud voice as he could.He was sitting in bed rocking from side to did as the bed were a road full of wells and he was holding the imaginary reins while his invisible horses rose behind the bedside candle. Besides his pajamas, he was wearing a red waistcoat with b rass buttons. His overfilled pipe was burning along his beard. When he saw me, his hands laid blue and quiet, dropping the reins, the bed stopped its movement, he stopped the noise with his tongue and the horses arrived softly. Is everything k, grandpa? , I asked, despite there was no fire on the bedroom. Under the candlelight, his face looked like an old cover all patched with goat beards.

Followed †creative writing Essay

The streets of London enclosed this humble infant. Unaware of where he is where his mummy is, he continued to patrol the distant streets. The exhaustion of the young male child is unbearable to think of. Although unfamiliar with his surroundings he continued to walk, crying with anticipation where is he? Freddy had been visiting London for the first time with his adorable mum. They got on so well. His mum was a kinda rounded figure with overlarge blue eyes and elongated eyelashes to balance her silhouette. She was a comical woman always entertaining her companions.Never a dull moment when she was around. Freddy loved her with all his heart and hoped he was just dreaming. Freddy and his mum were visiting breathets in London, but he wasnt happy with this. He despised it, the thought of walking around all day long looking at tedious buildings that all appeared like made him aggravated what was the point? Live life while you can is what his mum used to say to him. Whats the point spending a fine Sunday morning indoors while you can be outdoors, celebrating the beauty of our capital city Nothing could ever bring her downeven Freddys bad behaviour. He thought it would just be about influential buildings, powerful statues and overcrowded town centres But more was to come When they first arrived, Freddy was being rather disrespectful mocking fellow tourists, giving his mum the c elder lift and even locking himself in the cafi bathroom But his mum understood, she always did. Freddy walked and walked, not enjoying the scenery with hope he would soon find somewhere appealing. As he continued to trek, he noticed the reflection of a daunting one-time(a) man on the trunk of a passing car.The reflection seemed lifeless yet full of hatred and anger. His long black slimy hair wrap across his large forehead with blue eyes just visible beneath it. He was wearing a long black leather chapiter almost touching the floor with a large shiny object poking out from the ins ide pocket. He could see his full length detonating device flapping from side to side as it harmonized with the rhythm his walk. He appeared to be a tall man with big broad shoulders yet with a petite frame. His image seemed worthy of that of a monster. Freddy stopped. Looked for his mum, she was nowhere to be seen.He peered over his right shoulder, to what seemed like his worst nightmare. Hastily attempting to rush through a crowd of passing pedestrians trying to get away as quickly as possible. But suddenly he tripped to found himself landing on the decompose pavement. His pulse now increasing as if his heart was being snatched out of his chest then receiving a brutal punch to the whole in which was left. line of descent was rushing from his head to his toes and back and forth, back and forth. Quickly rising to his feet he continues to run, run faster and faster, trying to find somewhere to hide.Scared that if he stops, the old man would catch him, torture him, hurt him, the t hought was unbearable. The poor little boy was petrified, trembling with fear, looking for somewhere to escape to. He glimpsed behind his shoulder and to his surprise the man had gone. What just happened? Freddy distraughtly thought to himself. Was it a hallucination caused by his mums disappearance, or was it real, was that man really at that place? Freddy now seek to stay in places where people were around, but his racing mind couldnt shoot nasty thoughts out his head.He wanted his mum to be there so desperately, she his best friend, he needed her now. I need to find her he thought to himself. But where was he to start? He was in a city he did not know his way round of and eventually remembered his mum saying that if something happened and she wasnt around then to meet her just off-key Oxford street at a cafi called Donmarche. Quick I have to get there now Rapidly gazing behind the peculiar cardboard corner he was hidden behind, he checked both ways to make sure that the ma n wasnt around, once left, once right, and again just to be sure.Once he had the reassurance he wasnt around, his legs where already in motion trying to get back to his original destination. After a few moments of no(prenominal) stop running, he heard a familiar sound from behind. Turning round slowly to see if he could see it, he noticed a shadow upon the wall. A shadow with large broad shoulders but yet with a petite frame, a shadow of extreme familiarity but not that of groovy familiarity but that of a horrific familiarity already experienced by Freddy.Freddys immediate reaction was to run, but that of the gaze coming from the man is too hearty to pull away from. The contact between the two if disrupt able and yet strangely comforting, but only for the fact that his eyes are big and blue with beautiful elongated eyelashes, just like those, that stare at him daily with love and care. After a moment of bewilder ness he hears a screaming voice coming from the bottom of the road, he peers over the mans right shoulder to see a rather rounded figure running up the road. Elation fills Freddys heart.His shoulders start to relax and the view of his adorable mum makes him feel at once comforted. He and his mum spend hours, it seems, in an embrace, but eventually realising that the man is standing behind him he turns and quickly tells his mum about what has happened. She just stands there and laughs Freddy darling, I brought you to London to meet your uncle put hello to uncle Fred Freddy doesnt reply. He looks up at his mum in complete awe but eventually pulls them both into an embrace with a sigh of relief.

Central Javanese Gamelan: How Globalization Influences the Students’ Music Consumption

INTRODUCTION commutation Javanese gamelan study has been available in some schools. In some schools do not have aboriginal Javanese gamelan study. In my opinion, it is very unfortunate, because students need to conserve our own traditional music, particularly Central Javanese gamelan. So, one and only(a) of ways to conserve the Central Javanese gamelan, is understand the theory, the history about it. Not only understand the theory and the history, but in addition understand how to fulfill the Central Javanese gamelan (the implementation). Ki Hadjar Dewantara (as cited in Sumarsam, 2003, p. 68) argued that put the Javanese nontextual matter spectacle as an obligated curriculum in Taman Siswa is the most important thing to do. Actually, the generator agrees with Ki Hadjar Dewantaras argument. By putting the Javanese art spectacle as an obligated curriculum, then the students cigarette learn and understand about it. And so is the Central Javanese gamelan. The Central Javanese gamelan is one the Javanese art spectacle. So the students mustiness learn, understand the theory and the implementation of it. Because the Central Javanese gamelan is very important to be preserved, Ki Hadjar Dewantara (as cited in Sumarsam, 2003, p. 68) said that Gendhings lesson are not only needed to look for the knowledge and the ability (to play) the gendhings, but it is important to generate the life of the inner, because gendhings constantly guide the staveic sense, generate the sense of beauty, and silence a sense of decency. (As mentioned in Sultan Agungans teaching, and the teachings of western scholars) (p. 168) What Ki Hadjar Dewantara means here is the students do not only just understand the theory and the implementation, but also the students are demanded to be able to find the song (gendhing). Usually the students just play the song perfunctorily.Actually, it is not allowed. While the students are playing the song, they have to try to feel the song. If they can feel the song, their feeling will be peaceful. Besides, if they can feel the song, there will be sense of beauty in the students feeling. They will understand how that song can relax them. They will understand how that song can relax their mind, body, and etc. They will understand that every rhythm in the song can make their feeling become calm, because the sound of every rhythm is beautiful. Moreover if the students are able to play it softly, the sound that is produced will be nice for the players and the listeners.Besides, it is better for them if they can sing the song. CENTRAL JAVANESE GAMELAN Before the generator explains the definition of Gamelan, especially Central Javanese gamelan, the writer will explain about Gendhing. It is important to you to understand about it. It is because gendhing is related to the gamelan. Gendhing is from Javanese language. In Indonesia, gendhing is Lagu. So, in English, gendhing is Song. In the gendhing (song), there is a part called Buka. The definition of buka is the beginning of the song which is contend before the real gendhing is played.Buka in the gendhing can be played by gamelan (bonang barong, kendhang, rebab, gendher, and etc. ) and it can be started by tembang (sindhen). According to Sumarsam (2003), the Javanese priyayi defined gamelan (and so are puppet and traditional dance) as a stately art, or a luxuriously valued art (beautiful and noble). So, the Central Javanese gamelan is one of traditional music in Indonesia that must be respected because of its high valued art. Besides, gamelan is a musical unity. What the writer means here is that the gamelan can not be played one by one, including Central Javanese gamelan.If you do that, then the sound that is produced is not good. You can just hear one, two, or three sounds of the gamelan instruments. For example, if you just play gong, then the sound that is produced is from the Gong itself. The sound of the Gong is like an echo and the sound is not good to h ear. So, it is better for you to play it together. LOCAL CULTURE VS GLOBALIZATION As we know that may teenagers, especially students, do not know and understand about their own local culture. It is because the students are following the new trend. They like following the new trend because they are fraid of beingness ancient people. As Silaban (2006) said that Many people accept the changes of civilization as something that is commonplace as a process which must be passed, understood, and its movement causes many changes in its practice. So that, it forces cultural society, willy-nilly or consciously or unconsciously faced with a difficult situation between judge the changes that civilization (because they do not want to be considered old-fashioned) or reject it in spite of the changes are considered primitive, conventional and orthodox.Like the writer said before that the students do not want to be considered old-fashioned people. They want to be new ones. They want to be new in fashion, new in technology, new in music, new in culture, and etc. They easily accept the changes. Especially in music, they prefer listening and playing the music from western or eastern to Indonesian music, especially traditional music like gamelan. They always consider gamelan as an ancient music. Whereas, gamelan, especially Central Javanese gamelan is one of our local culture that must be preserved in globalization era.Cultural globalization is caused by some factors. According to Hutagalung et al. (2007) who studied about cultural globalization amid the national identity problem, argued that it is caused by (1) the development of new technologies (2) economic globalization of capital, labor, natural resources, production, and consumption and (3) political factors also played a role, from imperialism and nationalism to totalitarian states and the Cold War so to did social struggles over the construction of race, class, ethnicity, religion and gender.The students like consuming (listening) to western or eastern music because the music is cool, the music is easy to listen, and the artists are large(p) or beautiful. Therefore, the western or eastern music easily enters Indonesia. Teenager, especially students, prefers attending the concert of their idol stars to attending the gamelan concert or traditional art show. The students have been affected by moderne culture. Day by day, the students forget that traditional music, especially gamelan, is their local culture. They do not care as if gamelan (Central Javanese gamelan) is not part of their local culture.Cultural identity is losing its identity with the arrival of torrent of foreign culture in the form westernization and globalization (Rahman, 2010). It is so unfortunate that we doze off our identity. In my opinion, our local culture shows our identity. Western culture is a culture that traded and people in the world generally are only the consumers who enjoy it (Hutagalung, Nugroho, Abiantes et al. , 2 007). Actually, the writer agrees with that statement. It proved by the music they listen, the concert they attend, the music they play.The students only are only consumer of western culture, especially in music. CONCLUSION Although the students prefer listening modern music to traditional music, it is better to them to understand and learn about gamelan, especially Central Javanese gamelan. That is for their knowledge about it. It is important for us to preserve the Central Javanese gamelan because it can avoid from another countrys train. If we do not preserve it, then the other countries can make a claim that Central Javanese gamelan is their traditional music. There are some ways to preserve our local culture.Hasiholan (2011) said, The role of all whole society is needed and their cooperation to one another to preserve local culture to manakin a national cultural resilience and provide socialization and internalization of local knowledge to build a community that would love th e culture and to implement them in everyday life. The writer agrees with his statement. We need cooperation from the society, especially students who like consuming the western culture especially music. If the students and the society do the cooperation well, then national cultural resilience will be built strongly.Besides, Sumarsam (2002) said, There are gamelan lessons in schools and colleges there are also schools and academies of gamelan. In my opinion, there are some schools which do not have gamelan lessons, so the writer suggests that gamelan lessons must be available in all schools. And the writer recommends that gamelan lessons must be an obligated curriculum. So far, the writer has known many schools and academies of gamelan, such as STKW (Wilwatikta maneuver High School) in Surabaya, SMK 9 Surabaya, ISI (Indonesian Art Institute), IKJ (Jakarta Art Institute), and etc.It is first good step to preserve our local culture. Although the curriculum is the different from the art school, but at least there is an obligated curriculum of gamelan lessons. whole kit and caboodle CITED Hasiholan, S. P. U. (2011, February 28). Peranan budaya lokal mendukung ketahanan budaya nasional. Retrieved from http//www. scribd. com/doc/49525067/Makalah-ilmu-Budaya-Dasar-Peranan-Budaya-Lokal-Mendukung-Ketahanan-Budaya-Nasional Hutagalung, N. P. ,et al. (2007). Globalisasi budaya ditengah masalah identitas nasional. Yogyakarta Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran. Retrieved from http//feelsafat. files. wordpress. om/2007/12/globalisasi-budaya-ditengah-masalah-identitas-nasional. pdf Rahman, D. M. , et al. (2010). Makna Bhinneka Tunggal Ika sebagai Bingkai Budaya Ke-Indonesia-an. Kementerian Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata. Silaban, S. P. (2006, November 26). Budaya lokal vs budaya global Sanggupkah ?. Retrieved from http//www. silaban. net/2006/11/26/budaya-lokal-vs-budaya-global-sanggupkah/ Sumarsam. (2003). Gamelan Interaksi budaya dan perkembangan musikal di jawa. (p. 1 68). Yogyakarta Pustaka Pelajar. . (2002). Introduction to javanese gamelan. Retrieved from http//sumarsam. web. wesleyan. edu/Intro. gamelan. pdf

Criminal Case Defense

When a per intelligence gets arrested for a umbrage, that person will remain a suspect until cutn guilty otherwise in hook. This person will then have the chance to avail himself with the best legal re empoweration available. A refutation consists of evidence and arguments offered by a suspect and his or her attorney(s) to show why that person should not be held liable for a felon appoint (Schmalleger, 2010). Generally speaking, there are two types of defense f workual and legal. When talking about f propelual defense, this simply means that the defendant claims that there was no crime committed.An example of a factual defense is when the defendant claims that he or she was not in the crime scene, usually scrubed an alibi or proof beyond reasonable doubt does not exist. in that respect are two possible outcomes on a factual defense acquittal or lesser punishment. A legal defense in contrast is when a defendant may confess to committing the crime but disagrees with his or her accountability beca habit of a certain inconstant supporting the act such as mental incapacity or insanity.In a legal defense, factual guilt is immaterial for castion and the defendant may defend his or her act with justifications, excuses or prove that constitutional practiceds or other laws have been violated by the government concerning evidence, relevant materials or witnesses about his or her case. A legal defense may have multiple outcomes such as acquittal, reduction in punishment, exclusion of evidence, exclusion of witnesses and more. There are two forms of legal defenses.The two forms of legal defenses are justifications, in which the defendant admits to committing the act in question but claims is was necessary in place to avoid some greater evil, and excuses, in which the defendant claims that some personal condition or circumstance at the time of the act was such that he or she should not be held accountable below the criminal law (Schmalleger, 2010). To better und erstand the two forms, an example of a justification is when a son is trapped in the neighbors tree house and the father has to trespass and possible destroy his neighbors post to let his son free.The fathers reason for trespassing someone elses home and also damaging property is justifiable be convey his aspirationion was to save his sons life. An example of an excuse is killing someone while sleep walking. The excused pretender admits to doing harm but claims an absence of personal culpability. Justifications and excuses are affirmative defenses, that is, they must be raised or asserted by the defendant independently of each claims made by the prosecutor. This is a variance from the general rule that places the burden of production and persuasion on the government.For affirmative defenses, defendants bear the burden of production, that is, they must assert the defense at the time required by law. Failure to raise an affirmative defense in a timely manner acts as a waiver of th e defense. States vary about the burden of persuasion placed on the defendant. Some require the defendant to prove the defense others shift the burden to the quest to disprove defense (Schmalleger, 2010). Many variables are included when the conduct in which the violated law may be justifiable. Six different defenses fall under justifications.Necessity for one is a justifiable defense to a criminal charge in which the defendant claims that it was necessary to commit some unlawful act in order to pre spillage greater evil or harm. If a man deemed that it was necessary to destroy windows in a burning house to vent the smoke and save victims in it from smoke inhalation and help them escape, he justifies his act on destruction of property to save lives and avoid harm. Another is self-defence simply means to defend ones self from harm or threatening situations. To protect ones self is a right and a natural response but has limitations.If an attacker for example punches a victim, the vic tim has the right to defend himself or stop the situation to progress by attacking the attacker as well until the threat is ended. In this example, if the threat was ended by the victim knocking the attacker unconscious and the victim is sensible and still kept hitting the attacker until he dies is no longer self defense. If the threat no longer exists the victim should go away and call the authorities and let them handle the situation from there. In self defense, reasonable force must be presented when defending a case.When another person is being victimized and a person defends the victim from harm this defense is called defense of others or sometimes called defense of a third person. Defense of others always requires that the shielder be free from fault and that he or she act to aid an innocent person who is in the process of being victimized. Defense of home and property also falls under justifications. Four situations which are protection of personal property, defense of hom e or habitation, defense of anothers property and use of mechanical device to protect property are justifiable means when using protection of property as a defense.In most jurisdictions, the proprietor of property can justifiably use reasonable non deadly force to prevent others from unlawfully taking or damaging that property (Schmalleger, 2010). An example of paradoxical deadly force to protect property is shooting an unarmed trespasser but shooting while being robbed by an armed robber who has intent to kill is reasonable use of deadly force. The fifth defense that can be used as a justification is resisting unlawful arrest. This is a really sensitive case and requires factual and accurate evidence when resisting unlawful arrest from peace officers.Last defense to be cover under justifications is consent. Consent is a justification offered as a defense to a criminal charge, that claims that the person suffering as injury either agreed to sustain the injury or accepted the possi bility of injury before the activity was undertaken (Schmalleger, 2010). In the remaining of this paper, the second major category of defenses which is excuses will be discussed followed by the analysis amidst the legal and medical perspectives on mental illness and insanity. In most cases, excuses are personal in nature.Defendants would claim that their actions were based on some balk or some abnormal condition such as intoxication, insanity or immaturity. There are several excuses recognized by law which includes duress, intoxication, mistake, age, entrapment, insanity, belittled capacity and various syndromes to a limited degree. However, where a defendant suffers from a know disability, that disability alone is not sufficient to excuse him or her of criminal responsibility. Insanity and mental illness are probably two of the biggest issues and also hard to prove in court as an excuse.Many defendants throughout the age won a case using insanity and mental illness as an excuse . Some scientists and medical experts have been studying the human mind, and although the studies are removed from complete and still difficult to fully understand, there are distinctions and differences concerning insanity and mental illness.On a medical perspective differentiating the two symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other important areas of functioning ight be a mental illness and when symptoms cause distress even beyond scope of problems mental illness comes with it might be considered insanity in which the person is no longer responsible for his or her actions (Helium inc. , 2009). Insanity is a social and legal term rather that a medical one. Psychiatrists speak instead of mental disorders rather that use the term insanity which makes is difficult to fit into legal categories, either way, the legal concept of insanity has its basis in some disease of the mind.The lack of mens rea or showing that mens rea was present b ut accompanied by a mental disease of defect affects criminal liability in a case. In conclusion, a criminal defense consists of evidences and arguments offered in court by a defendant through an attorney to show why the defendant should not be held liable for crimes charged against him or her. There are many aspects in a criminal case defense a defendant needs to adhere to in order to prove innocence. Criminal defenses have two types and under legal defense, defenses may be built upon three bases which are alibis, justifications and excuses.Under excuses, insanity and mental illness was covered in a medical and legal perspective. In some jurisdictions due to the difficulties with assessing insanity from a legal perspective, insanity has been eliminated as an excuse in court in regards with a criminal charge. However defendants in all jurisdictions may still claim presence of mental disease at the time of the act which eliminates the mental culpability or mens rea needed for the cri minal activity.

Derivative and Its Impact on Stock Market

A Paper manifestation Derivative and its impact on capital trade Derivative and its impact on capital grocery store On Prep argond by Ms. Vidhi Joshi Asst. Professor MBA Department T. N. Rao college of Management Studies Rajkot 1. Introduction to Derivative The rapidity with which Indian capital commercialize, corpo consider finance, banking and investment finance has witnessed a major trans physical bodyation and structural change from the prehistorical unrivaled decade and this change in recent years has given birth to a modernistic discipline that has come to be known as Financial Engineering.Financial engineering involves the design, the development, and the implementation of progressive monetary agents and processes, and the formulation of creative solutions to problems in finance. The last decade has witnessed the introduction of derived functions as an innovative monetary instrument in the Indian grocery stores. One of the major objectives of these reforms was to bring the Indian capital market up to a certain international standard.Due to such reforming process, one of the significant step taken in the secondary market is the introduction of derivative products in two major Indian roue exchanges namely National transport Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (bovine spongiform encephalitis) , with a view to provide tools for risk solicitude to investors and to improve the informational efficiency of the gold market. A derivative is financial instrument whose value is derived from another vestigial security or a basket of securities the implicit in(p) is the identification tag for a derivative contract.Derivatives are instruments of risk hedging. In the Indian context the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 (SCRA) defines derivative as a security that is derived from a debt instrument, share, bring whether secured or unsecured, risk instrument or contract for differences or any other form of security, analogous as a contra ct which derives its value from the determines, or index of prices, of profound securities. Derivative products includes futures, forwards, woofs and swaps, and these can be combined with each other or traditional securities and loans to create hybrid instruments.In other words, a future contract is a standardized agreement amid the vender (short position holder) of the contract and the vendee (long position holder), traded on a futures exchange, to buy or sell a certain underlying instrument at a certain date in the future, at a pre-set price. The future date is called the pitch date or final settlement date. The pre-set price is called the futures price. The price of the underlying plus on the pitching date is called the settlement price.Equity derivatives duty started on June 9, 2000 with introduction of rip index futures by Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). National Stock Exchange (NSE) also commenced its trading on 12 June, 2000 based on S&P Nifty. Trading on NIFTY futur es was introduced on the 12th of July 2000. Trading on stock futures was introduced in the NSE in the 9th November, 2001. Subsequently, other products like stock futures on various(prenominal) securities, index options and options on individual securities were introduced.Forward Contract A Forward Contract is a transaction in which the buyer and the seller agree upon a delivery of a specific quality and quantity of asset usually a commodity at a specified future date. The price may be agreed on in advance or in future. Future Contract It involves an obligation on both the parties i. e. the buyer and the seller to fulfill the terms of the contract (i. e. these are pre-determined contracts entered today for a date in the future) * bargain to buy or sell * give tongue to quantity * At a specific price * Stated date (Expiration Date) Marked to Market on a daily basis pickaxes An Options contract confers the right unsocial not the obligation to buy (call option) or sell (put optio n) a specified underlying instrument or asset at a specified price the Strike or Exercised price up until or an specified future date the Expiry date. The Price is called Premium and is paid by buyer of the option to the seller or writer of the option. Types of option * phone call Option * Put option Put Option The right to sell a futures contract. It provides protection against falling prices and also sets a minimum price target.Call Option The right to buy a futures contract. It protects against rising prices and it also allows participation in seasonal price rises. Swap Swap is a contract between two parties to exchange a set of currency flows over a pre-determined period of time. Example A agrees to pay cash based on the rate of return of an agreed stock market index to the second counter party B. Participants in Derivatives Market 1. Hedgers They intention derivatives markets to reduce or eliminate the risk associated with price of an asset.Majority of the participants i n derivatives market belongs to this category. 2. Speculators They transact futures and options contracts to get extra leverage in betting on future movements in the price of an asset. They can increase both the potential gains and potential losses by usage of derivatives in a speculative venture. 3. Arbitrageurs Their behaviour is guided by the desire to take advantage of a discrepancy between prices of more or less the same assets or competing assets in different markets.If, for example, they see the futures price of an asset getting out of line with the cash price, they will take offsetting positions in the two markets to lock in a profit. Applications of Financial Derivatives Some of the applications of financial derivatives can be enumerated as follows 1. Management of risk This is virtually important function of derivatives. Risk management is not approximately the elimination of risk rather it is about the management of risk. Financial derivatives provide a powerful tool fo r limiting risks that individuals and organizations face in the customary conduct of their businesses.It requires a thorough understanding of the basic principles that regulate the pricing of financial derivatives. Effective use of derivatives can save cost, and it can increase returns for the organisations. 2. Efficiency in trading Financial derivatives allow for emancipate trading of risk components and that leads to improving market efficiency. Traders can use a position in one or more financial derivatives as a substitute for a position in the underlying instruments. In many instances, traders find financial derivatives to be a more realizeive instrument than the underlying security.This is mainly because of the greater amount of liquidity in the market offered by derivatives as well as the lower transaction costs associated with trading a financial derivative as compared to the costs of trading the underlying instrument in cash market. 3. Speculation This is not the only use , and probably not the or so important use, of financial derivatives. Financial derivatives are considered to be risky. If not used properly, these can leads to financial death in an organisation like what happened in Barings Plc.However, these instruments act as a powerful instrument for erudite traders to expose themselves to calculated and well understood risks in search of a reward, that is, profit. 4. Price discover other important application of derivatives is the price discovery which means revealing information about future cash market prices through the futures market. Derivatives markets provide a mechanism by which diverse and scattered opinions of future are collected into one readily discernible number which provides a consensus of knowledgeable thinking. MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDYIn the last decade, many emerging and transition economies shake started introducing derivative contracts. Policy makers and regulators in these markets are implicated about the impact of futures on the underlying cash market. One of the reasons for this concern is the belief that futures trading attract speculators who then destabilize spot prices. Since futures encourage speculation, the debate on the impact of speculators intensified when futures contracts were first introduced for trading, root system with commodity futures and moving on to financial futures.Before further regulations are introduced, it is essential to determine whether in fact there is a causal link between the introduction of futures and spot market volatility. It, accordingly becomes imperative that we seek answers to questions like What is the impact of derivatives upon market efficiency and liquidity of the underlying cash market? To what extent do derivatives destabilize the financial system, and how should these risks be addressed? Can the results from studies of developed markets be drawn-out to emerging markets? Capital Market and Derivative segment in Indian Stock Market now Indian s tock market is very sound in terms of participants from all sections, huge derangement and number of listed companies. Cash segment and derivative segment both have grown with each other. NSE and BSE are the major exchanges. Over the years Indian stock market has modernized with the use of noble modern Information and Communication technology. Derivative instruments have become part and parcel of business world. Today, derivative instruments are used in all markets such as foreign exchange, shares, commodities etc. New, sophisticated, complex and alien tools are being developed in different markets.The innovative derivative instruments have been developed in such a manner that these are used even by a common man. Although derivatives have been in existence for long in past in one or another form but present day sophisticated, standardized derivative products. Growth of Derivatives Market in India Equity derivatives market in India has registered an explosive growth and is expecte d to continue the same in the years to come. Introduced in 2000, financial derivatives market in India has shown a remarkable growth both in terms of volumes and numbers of traded contracts.NSE alone accounts for 99 percent of the derivatives trading in Indian markets. The introduction of derivatives has been well received by stock market players. Trading in derivatives gained popularity soon after its introduction. In due course, the turnover rate of the NSE derivatives market exceeded the turnover of the NSE cash market. For example, in 2008, the value of the NSE derivatives markets was Rs. 130, 90,477. 75 Cr. whereas the value of the NSE cash markets was only Rs. 3,551,038 Cr. Table 1 employee turnover of Cash segment in India Year Turnover at BSE Turnover at NSE conglomeration Turnover 1992-93 45696 - 45696 993-94 84536 - 84536 1994-95 67749 1805 69554 1995-96 50064 67287 117351 1996-97 124190 295403 419593 1997-98 207113 370193 577306 1998-99 310750 414474 725224 1999-00 68 6428 839052 1525840 2000-01 1000032 1339510 2339542 2001-02 307292 513167 820459 2002-03 314073 617989 932062 2003-04 503053 1099534 1602587 2004-05 518715 1140072 1658787 2005-06 816074 1569558 2385632 2006-07 956185 1945287 2901472 2007-08 1578857 3551038 5129895 2008-09 1100074 2752023 3852097 2009-10 1136513 2805878 3942391

Hurricane Igor

When way out to cnn. com I make up that regenerate away it had the bring together that I could brattle on to learn all of the information virtually how Bermuda is bracing for hurri canistere Igor. Also, there argon links that you can suction stop on to view videos and live feed to see how bad it real is. This site tells you every amour you need to know such(prenominal) as sustained horn ins, the wind gust, and the latitude and longitude of the hurricane. The maven thing I found interesting is it gives you a picture of the projected path that it is going. It in addition tells you what category, or size, the hurricane is.As of right now CNN is saying that hurricane Igor is going to affect the United States east coast over the weekend. CNN also gives you a link that you can recommend this website to heap on your Facebook. This is a good thing on their part because with the Facebook link people can like it and see this article on your Facebook. They can see that you went to this site and they might typeface at it and like it too. This means more publicity for CNN and more people will view the top stories on there. CNN has a big article on how sever and detrimental hurricane Igor is.CNN also tells you about any other hurricanes or tropical storms that were or be going to be dangerous to the east coast or Bermuda and what their projected paths argon. When I went onto MSNBC. com I found the article right away, with big bold letters that say Bermuda braces for long and punishing Igor. This right away attracted me to click on that headline so I can get more information on the suffer and Igor. After clicking on the link there is a big picture of someone boarding their put up up to keep it safe.Down at the bottom of the website it gives you three options that you can tell people about this story. You can email this story to a friend, you can dispense it on Facebook or you can share it on twitter. These are three main ways that people can spread this story to others so that they are aware of how sever the hurricane is. MSNBC. com also gives you a huge, well detailed article written by Elizabeth Roberts. She stated how sever the weather was in the stem of the week.It was a category four in the beginning of the week and it has now gone down to a category two hurricane. The reporter talks about the sustained winds and the location of hurricane Igor. She tells you where it is headed and where it is going to impact. They also have this interactive tracker that shows you three different hurricanes and you can click on each one to find out how sever each one is and where it is headed. This gets updated every oppose of minutes. You can also put in your address and it will give you the 5 day forecast.You can also click on a link that will give you archives of previous storms. FOXnews. com was one if the difficult websites for me. I went to their site and I didnt see anything on hurricane Igor that caught my attention. I had to truly encounter for this story, and I found it as I scrolled down and there is a little box that has the up-to-the-minute news, most read, and videos. The Bermuda story was far down the list and you had to click on the link to go to the story. When going into this article, there are no pictures of hurricane Igor, it is all words.This site gives you an article by Rick Leventhal, in which he writes about hurricane Igor. In this article he states that hurricane Igor is a category two hurricane and how it makes landfall with sustained winds near one hundred ten miles per hour, gusting to 130. Fox news also tells you that the last major storm was back in 2003. So that is a paragraph that was interesting because it showed how they havent had one since then. It gives you how a hotel business has gone down by 50% since hurricane season started this isnt good for Bermudas economy.You cannot share this with anyone on face book or twitter but there is a place that you can leave comments and you can get follow up via email if anyone comments on this story. There is a link that you can click on that will collect you to the authors biography. It also gives you a list of all the articles he has written and there are someone other hurricanes on there. There are many similar things that all of these websites have such as telling everyone where the hurricane is located.It also describes in detail the wind gust and when it is suspected to hit the targeted area. right off when it comes to the variance there is a bunch of them. CNN from the beginning of the home page gives you a picture to look at, but also gives you a link to click on so you can view more. When you are looking on CNN you can see how they use bold writing when it comes to the sustained wind and wind gust, also the latitude and longitude. MSNBC on the other hand uses the hurricane interactive tracker to tell you all of that. I found that this is very detailed and very helpful.It is a different kind of tool that you c an use to really see where hurricanes are going and who will be affected by them. MSNBC and CNN give you the option to disperse the information to someone by emailing, facebooking, or placing it on twitter. This helps them get more viewers and makes their rating go up for how many people view the website. Fox news on the other hand is not at all appealing for the weather. You have to really look for the article and when you find it, all it gives you is the article. The difference here is that there is not enough information for me about the hurricane, Igor.

Book Journal: The Black Jacobins

The book The Black Jacobins is a pen craft of Mr. C. L. R. James. James has scrutinized here an event happened in 1791 which brought out the Revolution of Haitian. The reasons that caused this revolution to take place are the main concerns of his account. He has analyzed the points of emanation where economic and material body differences overpowered the racial differences. Gradu aloney picturing the whole scenario, he has carefully plotted his findings comparability the French and Haitian revolutions.He has matched his findings on e genuinely event with the French and Haitian revolutions. French camp was San Domingo and all the slave trade used to happen here only to cater the French government. All the efforts that France was devising against USA, UK, and the communal divisions that existed within her had put a customary influence over the stepping forward of the San Domingo revolt. Writer percepts the class difference had overpowered racial difference.The French revolution is o ne of the major causes of Haitian revolution as distant as the influence is concerned. Other causes include the events like insurgence of the working class natives, and Bastille event. The above-discussed causes affected the slaves very much. Another hub of attention is the leadership of Toussaint LOuverture. LOuvertures life has also been analyzed by James. It has been suggested for this forefront facing revolting head that he had organized people, unified the rebellious forces, and also headed rough fundamental wars.He fought from the forefront and after he was caught, his army generals became his predecessors. He had been a terrible idol and his purpose has almost been vague in the writings of different authors. The work of C. L. R James is depicting a great and influential description of the struggles and events occurred at that quantify and author has almost idealized the leadership qualities of that time (James, 1989). Works Cited James, C. (1989). The Black Jacobins Touss aint LOuverture and the San Domingo Revolution . Vintage.

Belong Speech †As You Like It and The Kite Runner Essay

John ODonohue in one case said the hunger to belong is not merely a liking to be attached to something. It is preferably sensing that great transformation and discovery become possible when belonging is sheltered and true. Many individuals desire to belong and so forge connections with others by dint of a variety of different vehicles, be it filial relationships or friendships. Shakespeares recreate As You worry It and Khaled Hosseinis novel The Kite Runner explore the growth of ones instinct of self, by establishing meaningful relationships, which are a conduit for one to find a sense of belonging.Familial relationships contri notwithstandinge towards ones sense of belonging, as they shape a somebodys individualism and cease result in mortalal fulfilment and growth. Conversely, disconnection between family relationships can cause confusion and isolation. Shakespeares play, As You Like It, analyses the ramifications of dysfunctional family relationships on ones sense of be longing. Through animalistic imagery and hyperbole, Orlando describes his brothers treatment of him as differing not from the st on the wholeing of an ox deeming it an assault on his identity.His disjointed syntax and truncated sentence structures, it was upon this fashion bequeathed me by will but poor a thousand cr gives, further convey his confusion and frustration, which stem from severed familial relationships, so highlighting how severed familial relationships stimulate a lack of belonging. In contrast to the antagonism brew between the brothers at outset of the novel, they are reunited when Orlando asserts their filial connection, saving Oliver from a lion at his own risk.Olivers use of past and present tense, was I, but tis not I, conveys his personal transformation as a result of their connection. The humble tone of this dialogue reinforces the restoration of their relationship collectable the brothers reconciliation, resulting in a punishing connection and sense of belo nging. The restoration of Orlando and Olivers relationships broadened my understanding of belonging in that there is often a profound compulsion to belong, even when one may resist it.The extreme transformation in Oliver, exemplifies the notion that family relationships have a profound impact on ones sense of belonging and identity, by affecting their ability to connect with others. Like in As You Like It, the main character in Hosseinis novel, The Kite Runner, experiences isolation as a result of the crack-up of family relationships. The silent animosity between go and son, resulting from their strong differences, highlights the tension that exists between them.Like Orlando and Oliver, constant deviation is intertwined within their relationship, as Baba does not approve of Amirs pastime in reading and writing. Babas short sentences and hesitant tone, (He) gave a thin smile (of) feigned interest illustrates the disconnection between Baba and Amir. This is furthered through Baba s use of tag questions, Well, thats very good, isnt it? he said, which reinforces his lack of interest in his son. While Amir expresses a profound sense of respect towards his father, he often describes his father as viewing the world as black and white.The binary opposition and colour symbol of black and white symbolically reflects the tension between the two characters, and their inability to relate to one another(prenominal), resulting in disconnection and a lack of belonging. Amir concludes with you cant love a person who lives that counseling without fearing him even hating him a little. The use of first person narration, combined with conversational language evokes feelings of empathy from the reviewer towards Amir, as they it allows them a deeper understanding of the stirred ramifications of the strained relationship on Amir.Amirs emotional tone and body language, combined with the vivid imagery in the simile, I flinched, like Id been slapped. My heart sank effectively hi ghlights his strong desire to belong with his father. The constant yearning for affection in the harbor was very insightful as demonstrated to me the extent of the internal human desire to belong. It can then be concluded that filial relationships are an important factor in determining a persons sense of belonging as ones self-esteem and identity can only if be cultivated within the close emotional bondage that only family offers.Relationships between friends are another factor that contributes towards ones sense of belonging as such relationships aid in fulfilling the innate human desire to connect with others and be a part of something greater than ones self. In As You Like It there is a strong connection between Rosalind and Celia despite the conflicts that exists between their families. Celias affectionate tone and repetition, my sweet Rose, my dear Rose, coupled with her use of the possessive adjective my epitomizes the strong connection between them.Their immutable connect ion is affirmed through classical allusions and asyndeton, We still have slept unitedly,.. learned, played, eaten together like Junos swans coupled and inseparable, The visual imagery of unity as well as virtuous symbolism is significant and challenges the notion of sexual promiscuity as suggested by the Dukethus do all traitors. The strength of their connection is also conveyed in Celias insistence that her father pronounce (Rosalinds) sentence on me I cannot live out of her company.The hyperbole and high modality language highlights Celias fealty and loyalty towards Rosalind. Though exiled form the court, Rosalinds stable and supportive relationship with Celia enables her to maintain her sense of identity and confidence, regardless of her circumstances and external environment. Because of this, it is clear that strong friendships act as a conduit to finding a strong sense of belonging and confidence, allowing individuals to experience security and fulfilment even within adverse circumstances.Similarly, in The Kite Runner, symbols and metaphors are used to visually cook up Amir and Hassans friendship, and to present the pass along of true and loyal friendship in an impacting way. Kites are used as a motif to represent the freedom of and strong bond between the two boys, both at the beginning and end of the novel. downstairs the Taliban regime, kite flying was banned, symbolically representing the lack of freedom in Kabul, which paralleled Amir and Hassans disintegrating relationship due to a loss of innocence.Kites also symbolise the brotherhood and friendship between the two of them, particularly as they would often build kites together sav(ing) (their) weekly allowance in the fall. This simplifies the innocence and love between the two of them, increasing the impact of their bond. Symbolism allows for a deeper understanding of Amir and Hassans friendship, which shows that they belong to apiece other. The use of kite flying and kite running is also us ed to show the class bank note between Amir and Hassan and to show how minute and irrelevant hierarchy is compared to the bond of friendship.Even though Hassan is unceasingly referred to as the slave, Amir holds enough respect to forge and connect with Hassan. The demeaning value of the colloquial term, in turn demonstrates the depth and strength of their friendship. Through the use of metaphors and symbolism, the notion of unbiased friendship, is shown throughout the play which contributes towards the boys sense of belonging. Amirs exclamation Youre the brother I never had, which, due to Hassans slave status would have been affront to the ropriety of the time, highlights how relationships can break down socially constructed barriers, enabling a strong sense of belonging and fulfilment.Overall, all both texts highlight the vital role that relationships play in terms of belonging and not belonging. As demonstrated through the relationships of Amir and his father, and Orlando and Ol iver, it is clear that dysfunctional familial relationships and broken friendships can cause conflict and isolation. On the other hand, as seen in Celia and Rosalind and Amir and Hassan, a strong connection between individuals can lead to fulfilment, contentment, and a strong sense of belonging.